Pathway Human Homo sapiens

SUMOylation of transcription factors

R-HSA-3232118 in Reactome release 97: under SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins, with 20 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 0 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-3232118 (mouse), R-RNO-3232118 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-3232118.9
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2015-12-15
Last updated: 2022-04-07
Events inside: 11, counted from the record

Proteins classified as transcription factors constitute a disproportionate number of SUMOylation targets. In most cases SUMOylation inhibits transcriptional activation, however in some cases such as TP53 (p53) SUMOylation can enhance activation. Inhibition of transcription by SUMOylation may be due to interference with DNA binding, re-localization to inactive nuclear bodies, or recruitment of repressive cofactors such as histone deacetylases (reviewed in Girdwood et al. 2004, Gill 2005).

Literature Reactome attaches

Emerging roles of the SUMO pathway in developmentCell. Mol. Life Sci., 2011, vol. 68, p. 4045-64PubMed 21892772
Regulation of transcription factor activity by SUMO modificationMethods Mol. Biol., 2009, vol. 497, p. 141-52PubMed 19107415
A role for SUMO modification in transcriptional repression and activationBiochem. Soc. Trans., 2007, vol. 35, p. 1389-92PubMed 18031228
Something about SUMO inhibits transcriptionCurr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 2005, vol. 15, p. 536-41PubMed 16095902
SUMO and transcriptional regulationSemin. Cell Dev. Biol., 2004, vol. 15, p. 201-10PubMed 15209380
SUMO association with repressor complexes, emerging routes for transcriptional controlBiochim. Biophys. Acta, 2009, vol. 1789, p. 451-9PubMed 19616654

Reactome's record lists 12 orthologous events, R-RNO-3232118 (Rattus norvegicus), R-MMU-3232118 (Mus musculus) among the species this site serves, and 10 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser"SUMOylation of transcription factors". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-3232118 with StableID: R-HSA-3232118.9 (accessed 2026-10-01 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 20 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 20, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 1
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneCDKN2A	AuthorityHGNC:1787	Mapping file id1029 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneFOXL2	AuthorityHGNC:1092	Mapping file id668 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneHIC1	AuthorityHGNC:4909	Mapping file id3090 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMDM2	AuthorityHGNC:6973	Mapping file id4193 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMITF	AuthorityHGNC:7105	Mapping file id4286 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTA1	AuthorityHGNC:7410	Mapping file id9112 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePIAS1	AuthorityHGNC:2752	Mapping file id8554 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePIAS2	AuthorityHGNC:17311	Mapping file id9063 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePIAS3	AuthorityHGNC:16861	Mapping file id10401 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePIAS4	AuthorityHGNC:17002	Mapping file id51588 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSP3	AuthorityHGNC:11208	Mapping file id6670 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSUMO1	AuthorityHGNC:12502	Mapping file id7341 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneSUMO2	AuthorityHGNC:11125	Mapping file id6613 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSUMO3	AuthorityHGNC:11124	Mapping file id6612 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTFAP2A	AuthorityHGNC:11742	Mapping file id7020 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTFAP2B	AuthorityHGNC:11743	Mapping file id7021 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTFAP2C	AuthorityHGNC:11744	Mapping file id7022 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTP53	AuthorityHGNC:11998	Mapping file id7157 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTP53BP1	AuthorityHGNC:11999	Mapping file id7158 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneUBE2I	AuthorityHGNC:12485	Mapping file id7329 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteinsR-HSA-3108232184 genes

Children

None: no pathway of this release's list names this one as a parent.

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.