Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Deadenylation of mRNA

R-HSA-429947 in Reactome release 97: under Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay, with 25 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 0 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-429947 (mouse), R-RNO-429947 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-429947.4
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2009-12-15
Last updated: 2023-03-29
Events inside: 4, counted from the record

Deadenylation of mRNA proceeds in two steps. According to current models, in the first step the poly(A) tail is shortened from about 200 adenosine residues to about 80 residues by the PAN2-PAN3 complex. In the second step the poly(A) tail is further shortened to 10-15 residues by either the CCR4-NOT complex or by the PARN exoribonuclease. How a particular mRNA is targeted to CCR4-NOT or PARN is unknown.

A number of other deadenylase enzymes can be identified in genomic searches. One particularly interesting one is nocturin, a protein that is related to the CCR-1 deadenylase and plays a role in circadian rhythms.

There is also evidence for networking between deadenylation and other aspects of gene expression. CCR4-NOT, for example, is known to be a transcription factor. PARN is part of a complex that regulates poly(A) tail length and hence translation in developing oocytes.

Literature Reactome attaches

The highways and byways of mRNA decayNat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2007, vol. 8, p. 113-26PubMed 17245413
Messenger RNA decay in mammalian cells: the exonuclease perspectiveCell Biochem Biophys, 2004, vol. 41, p. 265-78PubMed 15475613
The many pathways of RNA degradationCell, 2009, vol. 136, p. 763-76PubMed 19239894
From birth to death: the complex lives of eukaryotic mRNAsScience, 2005, vol. 309, p. 1514-8PubMed 16141059
The enzymes and control of eukaryotic mRNA turnoverNat Struct Mol Biol, 2004, vol. 11, p. 121-7PubMed 14749774
The cap-to-tail guide to mRNA turnoverNat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2001, vol. 2, p. 237-46PubMed 11283721
NOC out the fat: a short review of the circadian deadenylase NocturninAnn Med, 2008, vol. 40, p. 622-6PubMed 18608124
Opposing polymerase-deadenylase activities regulate cytoplasmic polyadenylationMol Cell, 2006, vol. 24, p. 173-83PubMed 17052452

Reactome's record lists 10 orthologous events, R-RNO-429947 (Rattus norvegicus), R-MMU-429947 (Mus musculus) among the species this site serves, and 8 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser"Deadenylation of mRNA". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-429947 with StableID: R-HSA-429947.4 (accessed 2026-10-01 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 25 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 25, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 1
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneCNOT1	AuthorityHGNC:7877	Mapping file id23019 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT10	AuthorityHGNC:23817	Mapping file id25904 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT11	AuthorityHGNC:25217	Mapping file id55571 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT12	AuthorityHGNC:19081	Mapping file id85456 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT2	AuthorityHGNC:7878	Mapping file id4848 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT3	AuthorityHGNC:7879	Mapping file id4849 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT4	AuthorityHGNC:7880	Mapping file id4850 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT6	AuthorityHGNC:14099	Mapping file id57472 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT6L	AuthorityHGNC:18042	Mapping file id246175 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT7	AuthorityHGNC:14101	Mapping file id29883 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT8	AuthorityHGNC:9207	Mapping file id9337 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNOT9	AuthorityHGNC:10445	Mapping file id9125 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneEIF4A1	AuthorityHGNC:3282	Mapping file id1973 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneEIF4A2	AuthorityHGNC:3284	Mapping file id1974 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneEIF4A3	AuthorityHGNC:18683	Mapping file id9775 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneEIF4B	AuthorityHGNC:3285	Mapping file id1975 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneEIF4E	AuthorityHGNC:3287	Mapping file id1977 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneEIF4G1	AuthorityHGNC:3296	Mapping file id1981 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePABPC1	AuthorityHGNC:8554	Mapping file id26986 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePAIP1	AuthorityHGNC:16945	Mapping file id10605 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePAN2	AuthorityHGNC:20074	Mapping file id9924 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePAN3	AuthorityHGNC:29991	Mapping file id255967 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePARN	AuthorityHGNC:8609	Mapping file id5073 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUT4	AuthorityHGNC:28981	Mapping file id23318 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTUT7	AuthorityHGNC:25817	Mapping file id79670 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decayR-HSA-42991456 genes

Children

None: no pathway of this release's list names this one as a parent.

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.