Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Depolymerization of the Nuclear Lamina

R-HSA-4419969 in Reactome release 97: under Nuclear Envelope Breakdown, with 15 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 0 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-4419969 (mouse), R-RNO-4419969 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-4419969.4
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2014-03-12
Last updated: 2023-03-29
Events inside: 6, counted from the record

The nuclear envelope breakdown in mitotic prophase involves depolymerization of lamin filaments, the main constituents of the nuclear lamina. The nuclear lamina is located at the nuclear face of the inner nuclear membrane and plays and important role in the structure and function of the nuclear envelope (reviewed by Burke and Stewart 2012). Depolymerization of lamin filaments, which consist of lamin homodimers associated through electrostatic interactions in head-to-tail molecular strings, is triggered by phosphorylation of lamins. While CDK1 phosphorylates the N-termini of lamins (Heald and McKeon 1990, Peter et al. 1990, Ward and Kirschner 1990, Mall et al. 2012), PKCs (PRKCA and PRKCB) phosphorylate the C-termini of lamins (Hocevar et al. 1993, Goss et al. 1994, Mall et al. 2012). PKCs are activated by lipid-mediated signaling, where lipins, activated by CTDNEP1:CNEP1R1 serine/threonine protein phosphatase complex, catalyze the formation of DAG (Gorjanacz et al. 2009, Golden et al. 2009, Wu et al. 2011, Han et al. 2012, Mall et al. 2012).

Literature Reactome attaches

Mitotic lamin disassembly is triggered by lipid-mediated signalingJ. Cell Biol., 2012, vol. 198, p. 981-90PubMed 22986494
Lipin is required for efficient breakdown of the nuclear envelope in Caenorhabditis elegansJ. Cell. Sci., 2009, vol. 122, p. 1963-9PubMed 19494125
Inactivation of the C. elegans lipin homolog leads to ER disorganization and to defects in the breakdown and reassembly of the nuclear envelopeJ. Cell. Sci., 2009, vol. 122, p. 1970-8PubMed 19494126
Homo sapiens dullard protein phosphatase shows a preference for the insulin-dependent phosphorylation site of lipin1Biochemistry, 2011, vol. 50, p. 3045-7PubMed 21413788
Nuclear envelope phosphatase 1-regulatory subunit 1 (formerly TMEM188) is the metazoan Spo7p ortholog and functions in the lipin activation pathwayJ. Biol. Chem., 2012, vol. 287, p. 3123-37PubMed 22134922
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent nuclear lamina disassembly in mitosisCell, 1990, vol. 61, p. 579-89PubMed 2344612
Identification of protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites on human lamin B. Potential role of PKC in nuclear lamina structural dynamicsJ. Biol. Chem., 1993, vol. 268, p. 7545-52PubMed 8463284
Identification of nuclear beta II protein kinase C as a mitotic lamin kinaseJ. Biol. Chem., 1994, vol. 269, p. 19074-80PubMed 8034666
In vitro disassembly of the nuclear lamina and M phase-specific phosphorylation of lamins by cdc2 kinaseCell, 1990, vol. 61, p. 591-602PubMed 2188731
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites on nuclear lamin CCell, 1990, vol. 61, p. 561-77PubMed 2188730
The nuclear lamins: flexibility in functionNat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2013, vol. 14, p. 13-24PubMed 23212477

Reactome's record lists 14 orthologous events, R-RNO-4419969 (Rattus norvegicus), R-MMU-4419969 (Mus musculus) among the species this site serves, and 12 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-09-30 ET · Reactome pathway browser"Depolymerization of the Nuclear Lamina". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-4419969 with StableID: R-HSA-4419969.4 (accessed 2026-09-30 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 15 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 15, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 1
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneCCNB1	AuthorityHGNC:1579	Mapping file id891 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCDK1	AuthorityHGNC:1722	Mapping file id983 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCNEP1R1	AuthorityHGNC:26759	Mapping file id255919 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCTDNEP1	AuthorityHGNC:19085	Mapping file id23399 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneEMD	AuthorityHGNC:3331	Mapping file id2010 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLEMD2	AuthorityHGNC:21244	Mapping file id221496 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLEMD3	AuthorityHGNC:28887	Mapping file id23592 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLMNA	AuthorityHGNC:6636	Mapping file id4000 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLMNB1	AuthorityHGNC:6637	Mapping file id4001 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLPIN1	AuthorityHGNC:13345	Mapping file id23175 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLPIN2	AuthorityHGNC:14450	Mapping file id9663 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLPIN3	AuthorityHGNC:14451	Mapping file id64900 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePRKCA	AuthorityHGNC:9393	Mapping file id5578 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePRKCB	AuthorityHGNC:9395	Mapping file id5579 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTMPO	AuthorityHGNC:11875	Mapping file id7112 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Nuclear Envelope BreakdownR-HSA-298076653 genes

Children

None: no pathway of this release's list names this one as a parent.

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.