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Pathway Human Homo sapiens

DNA Replication

R-HSA-69306 in Reactome release 97: a top-level pathway, with 186 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 3 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-69306 (mouse), R-RNO-69306 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

  1. [R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
  2. [R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
  3. [R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
  4. [R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
  5. [R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.
Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 186 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 100, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 2
GeneADRM1AuthorityHGNC:15759Mapping file id11047 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC1AuthorityHGNC:19988Mapping file id64682 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC10AuthorityHGNC:24077Mapping file id10393 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC11AuthorityHGNC:14452Mapping file id51529 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC15AuthorityHGNC:24531Mapping file id25906 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC16AuthorityHGNC:26976Mapping file id119504 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC2AuthorityHGNC:19989Mapping file id29882 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC4AuthorityHGNC:19990Mapping file id29945 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC5AuthorityHGNC:15713Mapping file id51433 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC7AuthorityHGNC:17380Mapping file id51434 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCCNA1AuthorityHGNC:1577Mapping file id8900 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCCNA2AuthorityHGNC:1578Mapping file id890 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCCNE1AuthorityHGNC:1589Mapping file id898 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCCNE2AuthorityHGNC:1590Mapping file id9134 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDC16AuthorityHGNC:1720Mapping file id8881 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDC23AuthorityHGNC:1724Mapping file id8697 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDC26AuthorityHGNC:17839Mapping file id246184 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDC27AuthorityHGNC:1728Mapping file id996 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDC45AuthorityHGNC:1739Mapping file id8318 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneCDC6AuthorityHGNC:1744Mapping file id990 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneCDC7AuthorityHGNC:1745Mapping file id8317 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDK2AuthorityHGNC:1771Mapping file id1017 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCDT1AuthorityHGNC:24576Mapping file id81620 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneCUL1AuthorityHGNC:2551Mapping file id8454 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneDBF4AuthorityHGNC:17364Mapping file id10926 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneDNA2AuthorityHGNC:2939Mapping file id1763 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneEXOGAuthorityHGNC:3347Mapping file id9941 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneFEN1AuthorityHGNC:3650Mapping file id2237 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneFZR1AuthorityHGNC:24824Mapping file id51343 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGINS1AuthorityHGNC:28980Mapping file id9837 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneGINS2AuthorityHGNC:24575Mapping file id51659 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneGINS3AuthorityHGNC:25851Mapping file id64785 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneGINS4AuthorityHGNC:28226Mapping file id84296 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneGMNNAuthorityHGNC:17493Mapping file id51053 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AB1AuthorityHGNC:22516Mapping file id474382 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC14AuthorityHGNC:4727Mapping file id8331 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC18AuthorityHGNC:4736Mapping file id8337 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC19AuthorityHGNC:29668Mapping file id723790 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC20AuthorityHGNC:4738Mapping file id8338 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC4AuthorityHGNC:4734Mapping file id8335 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC6AuthorityHGNC:4733Mapping file id8334 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC7AuthorityHGNC:4729Mapping file id3013 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AC8AuthorityHGNC:4724Mapping file id3012 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AJAuthorityHGNC:14456Mapping file id55766 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AXAuthorityHGNC:4739Mapping file id3014 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2AZ2AuthorityHGNC:20664Mapping file id94239 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC1AuthorityHGNC:18730Mapping file id255626 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC10AuthorityHGNC:4756Mapping file id8346 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC11AuthorityHGNC:4761Mapping file id8970 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC12AuthorityHGNC:13954Mapping file id85236 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC12LAuthorityHGNC:4762Mapping file id54145 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC13AuthorityHGNC:4748Mapping file id8340 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC14AuthorityHGNC:4750Mapping file id8342 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC15AuthorityHGNC:4749Mapping file id8341 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC17AuthorityHGNC:4758Mapping file id8348 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC21AuthorityHGNC:4760Mapping file id8349 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC26AuthorityHGNC:20514Mapping file id128312 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC3AuthorityHGNC:4751Mapping file id3018 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC4AuthorityHGNC:4757Mapping file id8347 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC5AuthorityHGNC:4747Mapping file id3017 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC6AuthorityHGNC:4753Mapping file id8344 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC7AuthorityHGNC:4752Mapping file id8343 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC8AuthorityHGNC:4746Mapping file id8339 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH2BC9AuthorityHGNC:4755Mapping file id8345 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3-3AAuthorityHGNC:4764Mapping file id3020 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3-3BAuthorityHGNC:4765Mapping file id3021 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C1AuthorityHGNC:4766Mapping file id8350 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C10AuthorityHGNC:4775Mapping file id8357 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C11AuthorityHGNC:4771Mapping file id8354 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C12AuthorityHGNC:4774Mapping file id8356 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C13AuthorityHGNC:25311Mapping file id653604 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C14AuthorityHGNC:20503Mapping file id126961 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C15AuthorityHGNC:20505Mapping file id333932 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C2AuthorityHGNC:4776Mapping file id8358 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C3AuthorityHGNC:4768Mapping file id8352 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C4AuthorityHGNC:4767Mapping file id8351 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C6AuthorityHGNC:4769Mapping file id8353 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C7AuthorityHGNC:4773Mapping file id8968 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH3C8AuthorityHGNC:4772Mapping file id8355 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C1AuthorityHGNC:4781Mapping file id8359 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C11AuthorityHGNC:4785Mapping file id8363 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C12AuthorityHGNC:4784Mapping file id8362 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C13AuthorityHGNC:4791Mapping file id8368 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C14AuthorityHGNC:4794Mapping file id8370 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C15AuthorityHGNC:29607Mapping file id554313 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C16AuthorityHGNC:20510Mapping file id121504 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C2AuthorityHGNC:4789Mapping file id8366 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C3AuthorityHGNC:4787Mapping file id8364 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C4AuthorityHGNC:4782Mapping file id8360 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C5AuthorityHGNC:4790Mapping file id8367 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C6AuthorityHGNC:4783Mapping file id8361 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C8AuthorityHGNC:4788Mapping file id8365 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneH4C9AuthorityHGNC:4793Mapping file id8294 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneKPNA1AuthorityHGNC:6394Mapping file id3836 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneKPNA6AuthorityHGNC:6399Mapping file id23633 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneKPNB1AuthorityHGNC:6400Mapping file id3837 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneLIG1AuthorityHGNC:6598Mapping file id3978 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneLIG3AuthorityHGNC:6600Mapping file id3980 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneMCM10AuthorityHGNC:18043Mapping file id55388 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneMCM2AuthorityHGNC:6944Mapping file id4171 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

  • Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

  • Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.