Reading the record for AZIN2 from HGNC, NCBI Gene and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 115 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the page, or a line saying what did not arrive.
The full name, the identifiers, the location and the notes from the sources arrive with the record. Nothing is filled in ahead of it.
Order door
The door to order for AZIN2 opens with the record, which decides which product it carries. The order page itself is open now.
Cytogenetic band 1p35.1NCBI: 1:33,081,153-33,166,795 on the plus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40), sequence NC_000001.11, annotation GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 of 2025-08-01Ensembl: 1:33,081,104-33,123,492 on the plus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCA_000001405.29), release 116Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family…
NCBI Gene summary
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Gene and UniProt.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 30 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
02 / Transcripts and isoforms
The RNA a design targets
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
03 / Expression by tissue
Where AZIN2 is expressed
Reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
04 / Protein
The protein AZIN2 encodes
Reading UniProt, InterPro, AlphaFold DB and PDBe.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
05 / Interactions
Proteins STRING associates with AZIN2
Reading STRING.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 50 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
06 / Pathways
Where AZIN2 acts, as Reactome curates it
Reading UniProt and Reactome.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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07 / Disease associations
Diseases linked to AZIN2
Reading Open Targets and ClinGen.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 105 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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08 / Variants
Classified variants of AZIN2
Reading ClinVar.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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09 / Constraint
How much variation AZIN2 tolerates
Reading gnomAD and Open Targets.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 45 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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10 / Orthologs
The same gene in mouse, rat and human
Reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 145 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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11 /MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs hosted within AZIN2
Reading Ensembl and miRBase.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
12 / Long non-coding RNAs
Long non-coding RNAs at the AZIN2 locus
Reading Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
13 / Literature
Papers that mention AZIN2
Reading Europe PMC.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 55 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
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14 / Silencing this gene
From AZIN2 to a sequence that silences it
The AUMsilence™ platform designs the sequences against the human transcripts on this page. Six decisions are yours before it does. What is written under each is AUM's guidance; the timings and the concentrations are in the usage guide below.
01
Choose the region
A knockdown oligonucleotide can sit in the 5' untranslated region, the coding sequence or the 3' untranslated region, and all three are used. The coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region are the usual first choices for an RNase H design; the 5' end near the start codon suits a steric block. The map above shows where each region sits on the isoforms it draws.
02
Cover the isoforms you mean
An exon every isoform carries silences the whole gene; an exon only some isoforms carry silences those and spares the rest. Decide which you want before a sequence is chosen, and check the reference transcript (MANE Select in human; RefSeq Select and Ensembl canonical in mouse and rat) is the one your cells express.
03
Think across species early
The orthologs panel says whether mouse and rat carry the same gene. Whether one oligonucleotide can serve two species is a sequence question, settled at design by matching the candidate against each transcript, not by the protein identity shown there.
04
Check expression in your model
A transcript that is not expressed in your cells cannot show knockdown. Confirm the gene is expressed in the cell type and condition you will use, from your own data or a reference atlas, before the order. The expression panel above gives GTEx's median per tissue for a human gene; for mouse and rat it says that no atlas is on this page yet.
05
Run the controls
A scramble control of the same chemistry, a positive control against a gene known to knock down in your cells, untreated cells, and a mock condition where a transfection reagent is used. Read knockdown at the RNA level first, then at the protein; the usage guide gives the timing and the concentrations to start from.
06
Pick the product
AUMsilence sdASO needs no transfection reagent and works in the cells that resist one. AUMsilence toASO is the transfection-optimised version of the same design, and AUMsiRNA™ is the siRNA route. The selection guide compares them.
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. Accumulation of antizyme inhibitor 2 has also been observed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.
Provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014, through NCBI Gene. NCBI disclaimer
Antizyme inhibitor (AZI) protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake. AZI is an enzymatically inactive ODC homolog that counteracts the negative effect of ODC antizymes (AZs) OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC activity by competing with ODC for antizyme-binding (PubMed:17900240). Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC degradation and releases ODC monomers from their inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC homodimer and restoring polyamine production (PubMed:17900240). Participates in the morphological integrity of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and functions as a regulator of intracellular secretory vesicle trafficking (PubMed:20188728)
NCBI Gene summary · NCBI Gene annotation RS_2025_08 · read · NCBI Gene 113451Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
UniProtKB function · 2026_03 · read · UniProt Q96A70UniProt data are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.
104 Open Targets disease associations; gallbladder disorder first, at 0.27.
Open Targets
54 GTEx tissues; the highest median in Testis, 29.9 TPM.
GTEx
460 residues, reviewed Q96A70; mean pLDDT 83.56; no experimental structure at PDBe. InterPro is not answering, so the domain entries could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 2e1b614b-df6.
UniProt · AlphaFold DB · PDBe
No annotated microRNA lies within AZIN2 in Ensembl release 116, on GRCh38.p14.
Ensembl · miRBase
No annotated long non-coding RNA overlaps AZIN2 in Ensembl release 116, on GRCh38.p14.
Ensembl
1 curated, 0 inferred Reactome pathways for Q96A70 in human, v97.
Reactome
238 PubMed-indexed papers mention AZIN2 at Europe PMC, newest first. Europe PMC ignores letter case, so the count also covers another species' symbol spelled with the same letters.
Europe PMC
ClinVar asked this site to slow down, so the variant counts could not be read. Try again in a minute. Reference 4b7f8008-8d9.
Mouse Azin2 by 3 of 3 votes; rat Azin2 by 3 of 3 votes; RGD lists 2 orthologs.
Alliance · NCBI · Ensembl Compara · RGD
The 25 highest-scoring STRING partners at or above a combined score of 0.4, of up to 25 asked for; AGMAT, ARG2, ARG1 lead.
STRING v12.0
31 RefSeq and 44 Ensembl transcripts on GRCh38.p14; MANE Select NM_052998.4.
NCBI Datasets · Ensembl
Placed on GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40). MANE Select marks the one transcript RefSeq and Ensembl agree is the reference for this gene.
RefSeq 31 transcripts
coding sequence, tall
untranslated region, thin
non-coding exon
intron, fixed width
Genomic strand: plus. Drawn 5' to 3', so exon 1 sits at the left here and at the lowest coordinate on the chromosome.
NM_052998.4NM_052998.4MANE Select
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Not listed, because the source places them on another assembly only: XM_054334053.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334054.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334055.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334056.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334057.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334058.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334059.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334060.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334061.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054334062.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14).
NCBI Datasets, RefSeq transcripts · NCBI Datasets 18.37.0; GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 · read · NCBI Gene 113451Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Ensembl 44 transcripts
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Lengths are spliced lengths, as each source states them. Exon ranks follow the strand: on a minus-strand gene exon 1 has the highest genomic coordinate. Reference assembly for human: GRCh38.
XM_047443457.1XM_047443457.1
NM_001350399.2NM_001350399.2
NM_001350398.2NM_001350398.2
NM_001376724.1NM_001376724.1
NM_001376729.1NM_001376729.1
NM_001376732.1NM_001376732.1
NM_001350400.2NM_001350400.2
NM_001350401.2NM_001350401.2
NM_001376722.1NM_001376722.1
NM_001293562.2NM_001293562.2
NM_001301823.2NM_001301823.2
XM_011540557.2XM_011540557.2
NM_001376730.1NM_001376730.1
XM_017000175.2XM_017000175.2
NM_001376727.1NM_001376727.1
NM_001301824.2NM_001301824.2
NM_001376725.1NM_001376725.1
XM_024452818.2XM_024452818.2
XM_047443474.1XM_047443474.1
NM_001350402.1NM_001350402.1
NM_001301825.1NM_001301825.1
XM_047443450.1XM_047443450.1
XM_011540566.2XM_011540566.2
XM_011540563.2XM_011540563.2
XM_047443473.1XM_047443473.1
XM_017000174.2XM_017000174.2
NM_001301826.1NM_001301826.1
NR_146648.2NR_146648.2
NR_146649.2NR_146649.2
NR_126031.1NR_126031.1
scale
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other, except 1 block too short to see, widened to a fixed few pixels; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
