Gene Human Homo sapiens

CSN1S1

casein alpha s1

gene with protein product

Human CSN1S1MouseRat

Reading the ortholog votes for mouse and rat.

Location: Cytogenetic band 4q13.3NCBI: 4:69,931,068-69,946,574 on the plus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40), sequence NC_000004.12, annotation GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 of 2025-08-01Ensembl: no location was read.Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them.
Previous symbols: CASA, CSN1

Gene identity, from HGNC · HGNC 2026-09-18 · read 2026-09-24 ET · HGNC:2445

Notes from the sources

Ensembl did not answer (timeout).
Ensembl did not answer (timeout); the Ensembl location and release are missing

Silence this gene

The order page opens with CSN1S1 and human filled in. The sequences are designed against the transcripts below; the price is on that page.

Order for CSN1S1

sdASO, toASO or siRNA, chosen on the next page

Bring your own sequence Transcripts

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Summary
Transcripts
Expression
Protein
Interactions
Pathways
Disease
Variants
Constraint
Orthologs
MicroRNAs
Long non-coding RNAs
Literature
Silencing this gene

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Ready in a moment

01 Summary and function

What CSN1S1 does

Predicted to be involved in several processes, including response to…

NCBI Gene summary

Ready in a moment

02 Transcripts and isoforms

The RNA a design targets

5 RefSeq transcripts on GRCh38.p14; MANE Select NM_001890.2. Ensembl is not answering, so the Ensembl transcripts could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 0467c0bb-240.

NCBI Datasets

Ready in a moment

03 Expression by tissue

Where CSN1S1 is expressed

Reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

04 Protein

The protein CSN1S1 encodes

Reading UniProt, InterPro, AlphaFold DB and PDBe.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

05 Interactions

Proteins STRING associates with CSN1S1

Reading STRING.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 50 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

06 Pathways

Where CSN1S1 acts, as Reactome curates it

Reading UniProt and Reactome.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

07 Disease associations

Diseases linked to CSN1S1

Reading Open Targets and ClinGen.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 105 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

08 Variants

Classified variants of CSN1S1

Reading ClinVar.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

09 Constraint

How much variation CSN1S1 tolerates

Reading gnomAD and Open Targets.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 45 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

10 Orthologs

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

Reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 145 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

11 MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs hosted within CSN1S1

Ensembl did not answer in time, so the non-coding annotation could not be shown. Try again in a minute. Reference 5d09a8ee-c27.

Ready in a moment

12 Long non-coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs at the CSN1S1 locus

Ensembl did not answer in time, so the non-coding annotation could not be shown. Try again in a minute. Reference 5d09a8ee-c27.

Ready in a moment

13 Literature

Papers that mention CSN1S1

Reading Europe PMC.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 55 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.

Ready in a moment

14 Silencing this gene

From CSN1S1 to a sequence that silences it

The AUMsilence platform designs the sequences against the human transcripts on this page. Six decisions are yours before it does. What is written under each is AUM's guidance; the timings and the concentrations are in the usage guide below.

01
Choose the region
A knockdown oligonucleotide can sit in the 5' untranslated region, the coding sequence or the 3' untranslated region, and all three are used. The coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region are the usual first choices for an RNase H design; the 5' end near the start codon suits a steric block. The map above shows where each region sits on the isoforms it draws.
02
Cover the isoforms you mean
An exon every isoform carries silences the whole gene; an exon only some isoforms carry silences those and spares the rest. Decide which you want before a sequence is chosen, and check the reference transcript (MANE Select in human; RefSeq Select and Ensembl canonical in mouse and rat) is the one your cells express.
03
Think across species early
The orthologs panel says whether mouse and rat carry the same gene. Whether one oligonucleotide can serve two species is a sequence question, settled at design by matching the candidate against each transcript, not by the protein identity shown there.
04
Check expression in your model
A transcript that is not expressed in your cells cannot show knockdown. Confirm the gene is expressed in the cell type and condition you will use, from your own data or a reference atlas, before the order. The expression panel above gives GTEx's median per tissue for a human gene; for mouse and rat it says that no atlas is on this page yet.
05
Run the controls
A scramble control of the same chemistry, a positive control against a gene known to knock down in your cells, untreated cells, and a mock condition where a transfection reagent is used. Read knockdown at the RNA level first, then at the protein; the usage guide gives the timing and the concentrations to start from.
06
Pick the product
AUMsilence sdASO needs no transfection reagent and works in the cells that resist one. AUMsilence toASO is the transfection-optimised version of the same design, and AUMsiRNA is the siRNA route. The selection guide compares them.

Order for CSN1S1 Bring your own sequence The usage guide Selection guide

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Gene Human Homo sapiens

CSN1S1

Reading the record for CSN1S1 from HGNC, NCBI Gene and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 115 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the page, or a line saying what did not arrive.

The full name, the identifiers, the location and the notes from the sources arrive with the record. Nothing is filled in ahead of it.

Order door

The door to order for CSN1S1 opens with the record, which decides which product it carries. The order page itself is open now.

Bring your own sequence

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

This page is still reading the record. Its scripts replace this shell with the record when it arrives; with scripts off, it stays at this shell however long you wait.

01 Summary and function

What CSN1S1 does

Waiting for the record before reading NCBI Gene and UniProt.

02 Transcripts and isoforms

The RNA a design targets

Waiting for the record before reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.

03 Expression by tissue

Where CSN1S1 is expressed

Waiting for the record before reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.

04 Protein

The protein CSN1S1 encodes

Waiting for the record before reading UniProt, InterPro, AlphaFold DB and PDBe.

05 Interactions

Proteins STRING associates with CSN1S1

Waiting for the record before reading STRING.

06 Pathways

Where CSN1S1 acts, as Reactome curates it

Waiting for the record before reading UniProt and Reactome.

07 Disease associations

Diseases linked to CSN1S1

Waiting for the record before reading Open Targets and ClinGen.

08 Variants

Classified variants of CSN1S1

Waiting for the record before reading ClinVar.

09 Constraint

How much variation CSN1S1 tolerates

Waiting for the record before reading gnomAD and Open Targets.

10 Orthologs

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

Waiting for the record before reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.

11 MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs hosted within CSN1S1

Waiting for the record before reading Ensembl and miRBase.

12 Long non-coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs at the CSN1S1 locus

Waiting for the record before reading Ensembl.

13 Literature

Papers that mention CSN1S1

Waiting for the record before reading Europe PMC.

Accession	Name	Biotype	Labels	Exons	Spliced length	Protein	Sequence
NM_001890.2matches ENST00000246891.9	transcript variant 1	protein coding	MANE Select	16	998 nt	185 aaNP_001881.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714089.3matches ENST00000949200.2	transcript variant X1	protein coding model	none	16	995 nt	184 aaXP_006714152.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714090.3matches ENST00000505782.5	transcript variant X2	protein coding model	none	15	974 nt	177 aaXP_006714153.1	Ready in a moment
NM_001025104.2matches ENST00000507763.6	transcript variant 2	protein coding	none	15	971 nt	176 aaNP_001020275.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714091.3	transcript variant X3	protein coding model	none	15	971 nt	176 aaXP_006714154.1	Ready in a moment

Accession	Name	Biotype	Labels	Exons	Spliced length	Protein	Sequence
NM_001890.2matches ENST00000246891.9	transcript variant 1	protein coding	MANE Select	16	998 nt	185 aaNP_001881.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714089.3matches ENST00000949200.2	transcript variant X1	protein coding model	none	16	995 nt	184 aaXP_006714152.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714090.3matches ENST00000505782.5	transcript variant X2	protein coding model	none	15	974 nt	177 aaXP_006714153.1	Ready in a moment
NM_001025104.2matches ENST00000507763.6	transcript variant 2	protein coding	none	15	971 nt	176 aaNP_001020275.1	Ready in a moment
XM_006714091.3	transcript variant X3	protein coding model	none	15	971 nt	176 aaXP_006714154.1	Ready in a moment

CSN1S1

What CSN1S1 does

The RNA a design targets

Where CSN1S1 is expressed

The protein CSN1S1 encodes

Proteins STRING associates with CSN1S1

Where CSN1S1 acts, as Reactome curates it

Diseases linked to CSN1S1

Classified variants of CSN1S1

How much variation CSN1S1 tolerates

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

MicroRNAs hosted within CSN1S1

Long non-coding RNAs at the CSN1S1 locus

Papers that mention CSN1S1

From CSN1S1 to a sequence that silences it

Choose the region

Cover the isoforms you mean

Think across species early

Check expression in your model

Run the controls

Pick the product

CSN1S1

What CSN1S1 does

The RNA a design targets

Where CSN1S1 is expressed

The protein CSN1S1 encodes

Proteins STRING associates with CSN1S1

Where CSN1S1 acts, as Reactome curates it

Diseases linked to CSN1S1

Classified variants of CSN1S1

How much variation CSN1S1 tolerates

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

MicroRNAs hosted within CSN1S1

Long non-coding RNAs at the CSN1S1 locus

Papers that mention CSN1S1

CSN1S1

What CSN1S1 does

Gene summary

Protein function

The RNA a design targets

RefSeq 5 transcripts

A window on one transcript

Ensembl 0 transcripts

Where CSN1S1 is expressed

The protein CSN1S1 encodes

Proteins STRING associates with CSN1S1

Where CSN1S1 acts, as Reactome curates it

Diseases linked to CSN1S1

Classified variants of CSN1S1

How much variation CSN1S1 tolerates

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

MicroRNAs hosted within CSN1S1

Long non-coding RNAs at the CSN1S1 locus

Papers that mention CSN1S1

From CSN1S1 to a sequence that silences it

Choose the region

Cover the isoforms you mean

Think across species early

Check expression in your model

Run the controls

Pick the product

Gene summary

Protein function

RefSeq 5 transcripts

A window on one transcript

Ensembl 0 transcripts