Cytogenetic band 5p15.31NCBI: 5:7,850,859-7,901,113 on the plus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40), sequence NC_000005.10, annotation GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 of 2025-08-01Ensembl: 5:7,851,186-7,906,025 on the plus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCA_000001405.29), release 116Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them.
This gene encodes a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family…
NCBI Gene summary
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Gene and UniProt.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 30 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
02 / Transcripts and isoforms
The RNA a design targets
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.
03 / Expression by tissue
Where MTRR is expressed
Reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
04 / Protein
The protein MTRR encodes
Reading UniProt, InterPro, AlphaFold DB and PDBe.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
05 / Interactions
Proteins STRING associates with MTRR
The 25 highest-scoring STRING partners at or above a combined score of 0.4, of up to 25 asked for; MTR, MTHFR, MMADHC lead.
STRING v12.0
Ready in a moment
06 / Pathways
Where MTRR acts, as Reactome curates it
Reading UniProt and Reactome.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
07 / Disease associations
Diseases linked to MTRR
Reading Open Targets and ClinGen.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 105 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
08 / Variants
Classified variants of MTRR
Reading ClinVar.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
09 / Constraint
How much variation MTRR tolerates
Reading gnomAD and Open Targets.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 45 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
10 / Orthologs
The same gene in mouse, rat and human
Reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.
Ready in a moment
11 /MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs hosted within MTRR
Reading Ensembl and miRBase.
Ready in a moment
12 / Long non-coding RNAs
Long non-coding RNAs at the MTRR locus
Reading Ensembl.
Ready in a moment
13 / Literature
Papers that mention MTRR
Reading Europe PMC.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 55 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
14 / Silencing this gene
From MTRR to a sequence that silences it
The AUMsilence™ platform designs the sequences against the human MTRR transcripts.
01
Choose the region
A knockdown oligonucleotide can sit in the 5' untranslated region, the coding sequence or the 3' untranslated region, and all three are used. The coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region are the usual first choices for an RNase H design; the 5' end near the start codon suits a steric block. The map above shows where each region sits on the isoforms it draws.
02
Cover the isoforms you mean
An exon every isoform carries silences the whole gene; an exon only some isoforms carry silences those and spares the rest. Decide which you want before a sequence is chosen, and check the reference transcript (MANE Select in human; RefSeq Select and Ensembl canonical in mouse and rat) is the one your cells express.
03
Think across species early
The orthologs panel says whether mouse and rat carry the same gene. Whether one oligonucleotide can serve two species is a sequence question, settled at design by matching the candidate against each transcript, not by the protein identity shown there.
04
Check expression in your model
A transcript that is not expressed in your cells cannot show knockdown. Confirm the gene is expressed in the cell type and condition you will use, from your own data or a reference atlas, before the order. The expression panel above gives GTEx's median per tissue for a human gene; for mouse and rat it says that no atlas is on this page yet.
05
Run the controls
A scramble control of the same chemistry, a positive control against a gene known to knock down in your cells, untreated cells, and a mock condition where a transfection reagent is used. Read knockdown at the RNA level first, then at the protein; the usage guide gives the timing and the concentrations to start from.
06
Pick the product
AUMsilence sdASO needs no transfection reagent and works in the cells that resist one. AUMsilence toASO is the transfection-optimised version of the same design, and AUMsiRNA™ is the siRNA route. The selection guide compares them.
This gene encodes a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. This protein functions in the synthesis of methionine by regenerating methionine synthase to a functional state. Because methionine synthesis requires methyl-group transfer by a folate donor, activity of the encoded enzyme is important for folate metabolism and cellular methylation. Mutations in this gene can cause homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia, cbl E type. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.
Provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015, through NCBI Gene. NCBI disclaimer
Key enzyme in methionine and folate homeostasis responsible for the reactivation of methionine synthase (MTR/MS) activity by catalyzing the reductive methylation of MTR-bound cob(II)alamin (PubMed:17892308). Cobalamin (vitamin B12) forms a complex with MTR to serve as an intermediary in methyl transfer reactions that cycles between MTR-bound methylcob(III)alamin and MTR bound-cob(I)alamin forms, and occasional oxidative escape of the cob(I)alamin intermediate during the catalytic cycle leads to the inactive cob(II)alamin species (Probable). The processing of cobalamin in the cytosol occurs in a multiprotein complex composed of at least MMACHC, MMADHC, MTRR and MTR which may contribute to shuttle safely and efficiently cobalamin towards MTR in order to produce methionine (PubMed:27771510). Also necessary for the utilization of methyl groups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (By similarity). Also acts as a molecular chaperone for methionine synthase by stabilizing apoMTR and incorporating methylcob(III)alamin into apoMTR to form the holoenzyme (PubMed:16769880). Also serves as an aquacob(III)alamin reductase by reducing aquacob(III)alamin to cob(II)alamin; this reduction leads to stimulation of the conversion of apoMTR and aquacob(III)alamin to MTR holoenzyme (PubMed:16769880)
NCBI Gene summary · NCBI Gene annotation RS_2025_08 · read · NCBI Gene 4552Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
UniProtKB function · 2026_04 · read · UniProt Q9UBK8UniProt data are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.
26 RefSeq and 50 Ensembl transcripts on GRCh38.p14; MANE Select NM_002454.3.
NCBI Datasets · Ensembl
Placed on GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40). MANE Select marks the one transcript RefSeq and Ensembl agree is the reference for this gene.
RefSeq 26 transcripts
coding sequence, tall
untranslated region, thin
non-coding exon
intron, fixed width
Genomic strand: plus. Drawn 5' to 3', so exon 1 sits at the left here and at the lowest coordinate on the chromosome.
NM_002454.3NM_002454.3MANE Select
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Not listed, because the source places them on another assembly only: XM_054352656.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352657.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352658.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352659.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352660.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352661.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14); XM_054352662.1 (not placed on GRCh38.p14).
NCBI Datasets, RefSeq transcripts · NCBI Datasets 18.41.0; GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 · read · NCBI Gene 4552Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Ensembl 50 transcripts
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Lengths are spliced lengths, as each source states them. Exon ranks follow the strand: on a minus-strand gene exon 1 has the highest genomic coordinate. Reference assembly for human: GRCh38.
XM_047417233.1XM_047417233.1
XM_024446064.2XM_024446064.2
NM_001364440.2NM_001364440.2
XM_047417234.1XM_047417234.1
NM_001364441.2NM_001364441.2
NM_001364442.2NM_001364442.2
NM_024010.4NM_024010.4
XM_047417235.1XM_047417235.1
XM_047417236.1XM_047417236.1
XM_047417237.1XM_047417237.1
XM_047417238.1XM_047417238.1
NR_157176.2NR_157176.2
NR_157175.2NR_157175.2
NR_157178.2NR_157178.2
NR_157174.2NR_157174.2
NR_157173.2NR_157173.2
NR_157177.2NR_157177.2
NR_134480.2NR_134480.2
NR_157170.2NR_157170.2
NR_157168.2NR_157168.2
NR_134481.2NR_134481.2
NR_134482.2NR_134482.2
NR_157171.2NR_157171.2
NR_157169.2NR_157169.2
NR_157172.2NR_157172.2
scale
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other, except 1 block too short to see, widened to a fixed few pixels; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
297 Open Targets disease associations; methylcobalamin deficiency type cblE first, at 0.83.
Open Targets
3,859 PubMed-indexed papers mention MTRR at Europe PMC, newest first. Europe PMC ignores letter case, so the count also covers another species' symbol spelled with the same letters.
Europe PMC
54 GTEx tissues; the highest median in Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes, 22.9 TPM.
GTEx
698 residues, reviewed Q9UBK8; 24 entries from the member databases this page shows along the chain; mean pLDDT 85.31; 2 PDB entries.
UniProt · InterPro · AlphaFold DB · PDBe
5 curated, 0 inferred Reactome pathways for Q9UBK8 in human, v98.
Reactome
ClinVar: 1,306 records for MTRR, 275 pathogenic or likely pathogenic.
ClinVar
pLI below 0.0001 and LOEUF 0.981 in gnomAD v4 (GRCh38), on ENST00000440940.7.
gnomAD
Mouse Mtrr by 2 of 2 votes; rat Mtrr by 2 of 2 votes. RGD is not answering, so the ortholog list could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 66dcc75a-132.
Alliance · NCBI
Hosted microRNAs: Ensembl did not answer in time. Reference 1e8c4364-4bf.
No annotated long non-coding RNA overlaps MTRR in Ensembl release 116, on GRCh38.p14.
