Reading the record for Parl from NCBI Gene and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 115 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the page, or a line saying what did not arrive.
The full name, the identifiers, the location and the notes from the sources arrive with the record. Nothing is filled in ahead of it.
Order door
The door to order for Parl opens with the record, which decides which product it carries. The order page itself is open now.
HGNC and MANE Select: not available for mouse. HGNC names human genes; MGI is the authority here, and MANE Select is defined for human transcripts only.
Location
Cytogenetic band 16 A3NCBI: 16:20,098,570-20,121,090 on the minus strand, GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27), sequence NC_000082.7, annotation GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02 of 2024-02-01Ensembl: 16:20,098,568-20,121,167 on the minus strand, GRCm39 (GCA_000001635.9), release 116Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them.
Also known as
Psarl, PSARL1, PRO2207, PSENIP2, D16Ertd607e
Gene identity, from NCBI Datasets · NCBI Datasets 18.38.0 · read · MGI:1277152Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Silence this gene
The order page opens with Parl and mouse filled in. The sequences are designed against the transcripts below; the price is on that page.
Reading NCBI Gene and UniProt.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 30 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
02 / Transcripts and isoforms
The RNA a design targets
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
14 / Silencing this gene
From Parl to a sequence that silences it
The AUMsilence™ platform designs the sequences against the mouse transcripts on this page. Six decisions are yours before it does. What is written under each is AUM's guidance; the timings and the concentrations are in the usage guide below.
01
Choose the region
A knockdown oligonucleotide can sit in the 5' untranslated region, the coding sequence or the 3' untranslated region, and all three are used. The coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region are the usual first choices for an RNase H design; the 5' end near the start codon suits a steric block. The map above shows where each region sits on the isoforms it draws.
02
Cover the isoforms you mean
An exon every isoform carries silences the whole gene; an exon only some isoforms carry silences those and spares the rest. Decide which you want before a sequence is chosen, and check the reference transcript (MANE Select in human; RefSeq Select and Ensembl canonical in mouse and rat) is the one your cells express.
03
Think across species early
The orthologs panel says whether mouse and rat carry the same gene. Whether one oligonucleotide can serve two species is a sequence question, settled at design by matching the candidate against each transcript, not by the protein identity shown there.
04
Check expression in your model
A transcript that is not expressed in your cells cannot show knockdown. Confirm the gene is expressed in the cell type and condition you will use, from your own data or a reference atlas, before the order. The expression panel above gives GTEx's median per tissue for a human gene; for mouse and rat it says that no atlas is on this page yet.
03 / Expression by tissue
Where Parl is expressed
Ready in a moment
Reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
04 / Protein
The protein Parl encodes
Reading UniProt, InterPro, AlphaFold DB and PDBe.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
05 / Interactions
Proteins STRING associates with Parl
Reading STRING.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 50 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
06 / Pathways
Where Parl acts, as Reactome curates it
Reading UniProt and Reactome.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
07 / Disease associations
Diseases linked to Parl
Ready in a moment
Reading Open Targets and ClinGen.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 105 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
08 / Variants
Classified variants of Parl
Ready in a moment
Reading ClinVar.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
09 / Constraint
How much variation Parl tolerates
Ready in a moment
Reading gnomAD and Open Targets.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 45 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
10 / Orthologs
The same gene in mouse, rat and human
Reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 145 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
11 /MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs hosted within Parl
Reading Ensembl and miRBase.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
12 / Long non-coding RNAs
Long non-coding RNAs at the Parl locus
Reading Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
13 / Literature
Papers that mention Parl
Reading Europe PMC.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 55 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
05
Run the controls
A scramble control of the same chemistry, a positive control against a gene known to knock down in your cells, untreated cells, and a mock condition where a transfection reagent is used. Read knockdown at the RNA level first, then at the protein; the usage guide gives the timing and the concentrations to start from.
06
Pick the product
AUMsilence sdASO needs no transfection reagent and works in the cells that resist one. AUMsilence toASO is the transfection-optimised version of the same design, and AUMsiRNA™ is the siRNA route. The selection guide compares them.
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Enables endopeptidase activity.
NCBI Gene summary
Expression by tissue: not available for mouse. GTEx holds human tissues only, and the Human Protein Atlas is keyed on human genes.
Disease associations: not available for mouse. Open Targets and ClinGen curate human genes only. The human ortholog's page carries the associations.
Clinical variants: not available for mouse. ClinVar holds human variants only.
Constraint: not available for mouse. gnomAD and Open Targets carry constraint for human genes only.
Gene summary
Enables endopeptidase activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial fusion; negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; and regulation of mitophagy. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Used to study Leigh disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; coronary artery disease; hyperinsulinism; myopia; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human PARL (presenilin associated rhomboid like).
Provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025, through NCBI Gene. NCBI disclaimer
Required for the control of apoptosis during postnatal growth (PubMed:16839884). Essential for proteolytic processing of an antiapoptotic form of OPA1 which prevents the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in response to intrinsic apoptotic signals (PubMed:16839884). Required for the maturation of PINK1 into its 52kDa mature form after its cleavage by mitochondrial-processing peptidase (MPP) (By similarity). Promotes cleavage of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PGAM5 in damaged mitochondria in response to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (By similarity). Mediates differential cleavage of PINK1 and PGAM5 depending on the health status of mitochondria, disassociating from PINK1 and associating with PGAM5 in response to mitochondrial membrane potential loss (By similarity). Required for processing of CLPB into a form with higher protein disaggregase activity by removing an autoinhibitory N-terminal peptide (By similarity). Promotes processing of DIABLO/SMAC in the mitochondrion which is required for DIABLO apoptotic activity (By similarity). Mediates STARD7 processing which regulates STARD7 location between mitochondria and cytosol (PubMed:36658222). Also required for cleavage of TTC19 (By similarity). Promotes changes in mitochondria morphology regulated by phosphorylation of P-beta domain (By similarity)
NCBI Gene summary · NCBI Gene annotation RS_2024_02 · read · NCBI Gene 381038Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
UniProtKB function · 2026_03 · read · UniProt Q5XJY4UniProt data are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.
Expression by tissue: not available for mouse. GTEx holds human tissues only, and the Human Protein Atlas is keyed on human genes.
Mouse tissue expression, from Bgee and Expression Atlas, joins this page in a later phase. Nothing from the human ortholog is shown in its place; its own page is a step away through the species switch above.
Not available
Disease associations: not available for mouse. Open Targets and ClinGen curate human genes only. The human ortholog's page carries the associations.
Not available
Clinical variants: not available for mouse. ClinVar holds human variants only.
Not available
Constraint: not available for mouse. gnomAD and Open Targets carry constraint for human genes only.
3,086 PubMed-indexed papers mention Parl at Europe PMC, newest first. Europe PMC ignores letter case, so the count also covers the human symbol where it differs from this one only in case.
Europe PMC
377 residues, reviewed Q5XJY4; 7 entries from the member databases this page shows along the chain; mean pLDDT 78.38; no experimental structure at PDBe.
UniProt · InterPro · AlphaFold DB · PDBe
0 curated, 1 inferred Reactome pathways for Q5XJY4 in mouse, v97.
Reactome
The 25 highest-scoring STRING partners at or above a combined score of 0.4, of up to 25 asked for; Stoml2, Pink1, Phb2 lead.
STRING v12.0
Human PARL by 3 of 3 votes; rat Parl by 3 of 3 votes. RGD is not answering, so the ortholog list could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 1f9e3d40-a97.
Alliance · NCBI · Ensembl Compara
No annotated microRNA lies within Parl in Ensembl release 116, on GRCm39.
Ensembl · miRBase
No annotated long non-coding RNA overlaps Parl in Ensembl release 116, on GRCm39.
Ensembl
12 RefSeq and 42 Ensembl transcripts on GRCm39; RefSeq Select NM_001005767.5; Ensembl canonical ENSMUST00000048642.16.
NCBI Datasets · Ensembl
Placed on GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27). MANE Select: not available for mouse. The reference here is the RefSeq Select transcript and the Ensembl canonical transcript, which need not be the same model.
RefSeq 12 transcripts
coding sequence, tall
untranslated region, thin
non-coding exon
intron, fixed width
Genomic strand: minus. Drawn 5' to 3', so exon 1 sits at the left here and at the highest coordinate on the chromosome.
NM_001005767.5NM_001005767.5RefSeq Select
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
NCBI Datasets, RefSeq transcripts · NCBI Datasets 18.38.0; GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02 · read · NCBI Gene 381038Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Ensembl 42 transcripts
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Lengths are spliced lengths, as each source states them. Exon ranks follow the strand: on a minus-strand gene exon 1 has the highest genomic coordinate. Reference assembly for mouse: GRCm39.
NM_001417573.1NM_001417573.1
NM_001417577.1NM_001417577.1
NM_001417571.1NM_001417571.1
NM_001417579.1NM_001417579.1
NM_001417576.1NM_001417576.1
NM_001417574.1NM_001417574.1
NM_001417580.1NM_001417580.1
NM_001417575.1NM_001417575.1
NR_184537.1NR_184537.1
NR_184538.1NR_184538.1
NR_184536.1NR_184536.1
scale
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
