Reading the record for Ap2b1 from NCBI Gene and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 115 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the page, or a line saying what did not arrive.
The full name, the identifiers, the location and the notes from the sources arrive with the record. Nothing is filled in ahead of it.
Order door
The door to order for Ap2b1 opens with the record, which decides which product it carries. The order page itself is open now.
HGNC and MANE Select: not available for rat. HGNC names human genes; RGD is the authority here, and MANE Select is defined for human transcripts only.
Location
Cytogenetic band 10q26NCBI: 10:68,590,268-68,702,547 on the plus strand, GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1), sequence NC_086028.1, annotation GCF_036323735.1-RS_2026_08 of 2026-08-17Ensembl: 10:68,597,093-68,702,539 on the plus strand, GRCr8 (GCA_036323735.1), release 116Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them.
Gene identity, from NCBI Datasets · NCBI Datasets 18.37.0 · read · RGD:71048Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Silence this gene
The order page opens with Ap2b1 and rat filled in. The sequences are designed against the transcripts below; the price is on that page.
Reading NCBI Gene and UniProt.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 30 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
02 / Transcripts and isoforms
The RNA a design targets
Ready in a moment
Reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
03 / Expression by tissue
Where Ap2b1 is expressed
Ready in a moment
14 / Silencing this gene
From Ap2b1 to a sequence that silences it
The AUMsilence™ platform designs the sequences against the rat transcripts on this page. Six decisions are yours before it does. What is written under each is AUM's guidance; the timings and the concentrations are in the usage guide below.
01
Choose the region
A knockdown oligonucleotide can sit in the 5' untranslated region, the coding sequence or the 3' untranslated region, and all three are used. The coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region are the usual first choices for an RNase H design; the 5' end near the start codon suits a steric block. The map above shows where each region sits on the isoforms it draws.
02
Cover the isoforms you mean
An exon every isoform carries silences the whole gene; an exon only some isoforms carry silences those and spares the rest. Decide which you want before a sequence is chosen, and check the reference transcript (MANE Select in human; RefSeq Select and Ensembl canonical in mouse and rat) is the one your cells express.
03
Think across species early
The orthologs panel says whether mouse and rat carry the same gene. Whether one oligonucleotide can serve two species is a sequence question, settled at design by matching the candidate against each transcript, not by the protein identity shown there.
04
Check expression in your model
A transcript that is not expressed in your cells cannot show knockdown. Confirm the gene is expressed in the cell type and condition you will use, from your own data or a reference atlas, before the order. The expression panel above gives GTEx's median per tissue for a human gene; for mouse and rat it says that no atlas is on this page yet.
The median is the middle sample of a tissue, so a gene expressed in a few cells of a mixed tissue reads low here and may still be the one your cell type needs. Nothing on this panel is adjusted or averaged across tissues; each figure is the source's own, and a tissue GTEx did not sample is absent from the chart.
Reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 80 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
04 / Protein
The protein Ap2b1 encodes
Ready in a moment
05 / Interactions
Proteins STRING associates with Ap2b1
Ready in a moment
06 / Pathways
Where Ap2b1 acts, as Reactome curates it
Ready in a moment
07 / Disease associations
Diseases linked to Ap2b1
Ready in a moment
Reading Open Targets and ClinGen.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 105 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
08 / Variants
Classified variants of Ap2b1
Ready in a moment
Reading ClinVar.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 60 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
09 / Constraint
How much variation Ap2b1 tolerates
Ready in a moment
Reading gnomAD and Open Targets.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 45 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.
10 / Orthologs
The same gene in mouse, rat and human
Reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 145 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
11 /MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs hosted within Ap2b1
Reading Ensembl and miRBase.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
12 / Long non-coding RNAs
Long non-coding RNAs at the Ap2b1 locus
Reading Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a gene can take a while; this page waits up to 110 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in this line, or a line saying what did not arrive.
Ready in a moment
13 / Literature
Papers that mention Ap2b1
Ready in a moment
05
Run the controls
A scramble control of the same chemistry, a positive control against a gene known to knock down in your cells, untreated cells, and a mock condition where a transfection reagent is used. Read knockdown at the RNA level first, then at the protein; the usage guide gives the timing and the concentrations to start from.
06
Pick the product
AUMsilence sdASO needs no transfection reagent and works in the cells that resist one. AUMsilence toASO is the transfection-optimised version of the same design, and AUMsiRNA™ is the siRNA route. The selection guide compares them.
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Enables clathrin binding activity.
NCBI Gene summary
19 RefSeq and 4 Ensembl transcripts on GRCr8; RefSeq Select NM_080583.2; Ensembl canonical ENSRNOT00000088198.3.
NCBI Datasets · Ensembl
Expression by tissue: not available for rat. GTEx holds human tissues only, and the Human Protein Atlas is keyed on human genes.
937 residues, reviewed P62944; 22 entries from the member databases this page shows along the chain; mean pLDDT 82.38; 3 PDB entries.
UniProt · InterPro · AlphaFold DB · PDBe
The 25 highest-scoring STRING partners at or above a combined score of 0.4, of up to 25 asked for; Ap2m1, Cltc, Ap2a2 lead.
STRING v12.0
0 curated, 10 inferred Reactome pathways for P62944 in rat, v97.
Reactome
Disease associations: not available for rat. Open Targets and ClinGen curate human genes only. The human ortholog's page carries the associations.
Clinical variants: not available for rat. ClinVar holds human variants only.
Constraint: not available for rat. gnomAD and Open Targets carry constraint for human genes only.
892 PubMed-indexed papers mention Ap2b1 at Europe PMC, newest first. Europe PMC ignores letter case, so the count also covers the human symbol where it differs from this one only in case.
Europe PMC
Expression by tissue: not available for rat. GTEx holds human tissues only, and the Human Protein Atlas is keyed on human genes.
Rat tissue expression, from Bgee and Expression Atlas, joins this page in a later phase. Nothing from the human ortholog is shown in its place; its own page is a step away through the species switch above.
Gene summary
Enables clathrin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including clathrin coat assembly; positive regulation of endocytosis; and postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization. Part of clathrin coat. Is active in glutamatergic synapse; postsynaptic endocytic zone; and synaptic vesicle. Is extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane. Biomarker of middle cerebral artery infarction. Orthologous to human AP2B1 (adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit beta 1).
Provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025, through NCBI Gene. NCBI disclaimer
Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. During long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons, AP-2 is responsible for the endocytosis of ADAM10 (By similarity). The AP-2 beta subunit acts via its C-terminal appendage domain as a scaffolding platform for endocytic accessory proteins; at least some clathrin-associated sorting proteins (CLASPs) are recognized by their [DE]-X(1,2)-F-X-X-[FL]-X-X-X-R motif. The AP-2 beta subunit binds to clathrin heavy chain, promoting clathrin lattice assembly; clathrin displaces at least some CLASPs from AP2B1 which probably then can be positioned for further coat assembly (By similarity)
NCBI Gene summary · NCBI Gene annotation RS_2026_08 · read · NCBI Gene 140670Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
UniProtKB function · 2026_03 · read · UniProt P62944UniProt data are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.
Not available
Disease associations: not available for rat. Open Targets and ClinGen curate human genes only. The human ortholog's page carries the associations.
Not available
Clinical variants: not available for rat. ClinVar holds human variants only.
Not available
Constraint: not available for rat. gnomAD and Open Targets carry constraint for human genes only.
Placed on GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1). MANE Select: not available for rat. The reference here is the RefSeq Select transcript and the Ensembl canonical transcript, which need not be the same model.
RefSeq 19 transcripts
coding sequence, tall
untranslated region, thin
non-coding exon
intron, fixed width
Genomic strand: plus. Drawn 5' to 3', so exon 1 sits at the left here and at the lowest coordinate on the chromosome.
NM_080583.2NM_080583.2RefSeq Select
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Not listed, because the source places them on another assembly only: XM_087569510.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569511.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569512.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569513.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569514.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569515.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569516.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569517.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569518.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569519.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569520.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569521.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569522.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569523.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569524.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569525.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569527.1 (not placed on GRCr8); XM_087569528.1 (not placed on GRCr8).
NCBI Datasets, RefSeq transcripts · NCBI Datasets 18.37.0; GCF_036323735.1-RS_2026_08 · read · NCBI Gene 140670Data from NCBI, provided as is; NCBI's policies and disclaimers apply.
Ensembl 4 transcripts
coding sequence, tall
untranslated region, thin
non-coding exon
A window on one transcript
One pixel of the map above stands for several bases, and a block too short to see is drawn wider than its own scale, so the map chooses a region and the sequence here chooses the window. Click an exon on a row of the map, or drag across a row; then set the exact start and end below.
These controls are ready in a moment.
No transcript is chosen.
Once a window is chosen this panel shows its length, its G and C count as a percentage of that length, the letters it is made of, the exons it falls in, whether it crosses a junction, and its antisense strand.
Lengths are spliced lengths, as each source states them. Exon ranks follow the strand: on a minus-strand gene exon 1 has the highest genomic coordinate. Reference assembly for rat: GRCr8.
XM_087631141.1XM_087631141.1
XM_087631143.1XM_087631143.1
XM_087631144.1XM_087631144.1
XM_063268343.2XM_063268343.2
XM_008767936.5XM_008767936.5
XM_087631148.1XM_087631148.1
XM_087631139.1XM_087631139.1
XM_063268342.2XM_063268342.2
XM_063268349.2XM_063268349.2
XM_063268345.2XM_063268345.2
XM_063268348.2XM_063268348.2
XM_087631146.1XM_087631146.1
XM_008767939.5XM_008767939.5
XM_008767938.4XM_008767938.4
XM_087631145.1XM_087631145.1
XM_087631142.1XM_087631142.1
XM_063268346.2XM_063268346.2
XM_087631149.1XM_087631149.1
scale
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other, except 3 blocks too short to see, widened to a fixed few pixels; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
Drawn 5' to 3' from each transcript's exons as placed on the reference assembly; exon 1 is the 5' exon on the transcript's own strand. Exon blocks are to scale with each other, except 6 blocks too short to see, widened to a fixed few pixels; introns are drawn at one fixed width whatever their length, so the map is not to scale along the chromosome. Numbers are exon ranks along the strand; a rank is omitted where the exon is too narrow to carry it.
Ensembl is not answering, so the non-coding annotation could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 0033efca-cca.
Ensembl is not answering, so the non-coding annotation could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 0033efca-cca.
Human AP2B1 by 2 of 3 votes; mouse Ap2b1 by 2 of 3 votes. RGD is not answering, so the ortholog list could not be shown. Try again later. Reference 75b02065-a19.
