Long non-coding RNA Human Homo sapiens

DIO3OS

DIO3 opposite strand upstream RNA

Long non-coding RNA (HGNC: RNA, long non-coding)

Human DIO3OSMouseRat

Reading the ortholog votes for mouse and rat.

HGNC lists no MANE Select pair for this gene.

Location: Cytogenetic band 14q32.31NCBI: 14:101,552,221-101,560,422 on the minus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40), sequence NC_000014.9, annotation GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08 of 2025-08-01Ensembl: 14:101,552,221-101,620,355 on the minus strand, GRCh38.p14 (GCA_000001405.29), release 116Coordinates are one-based with both ends included, as each source reports them; where the two sources differ, each is shown as it reports it and neither is preferred.
Also known as: NCRNA00041, DIO3-AS1
Previous symbols: C14orf134

Gene identity, from HGNC · HGNC 2026-10-02 · read 2026-10-03 ET · HGNC:20348

The record is HGNC's REST record; HGNC's paper of record is [R03] Seal RL, Braschi B, Gray K, McClay J, Tweedie S, Bruford EA (2026). Genenames.org: the HGNC and PGNC resources in 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D1098-D1107. PMID 41287213, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1229.

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What this RNA is
Transcripts and the map
The locus
In other species
Cross-references
Expression
Literature
AUM BioTech's studies
Knocking down this RNA

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01 What this RNA is

What DIO3OS is, by each authority

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What this tells you

Each row is one authority's own word for the gene, printed as its record carries it, with its release, the day it was read and a link to the record it came from; the blocks beneath print each record's fields, and RefSeq's summary paragraph is quoted as written. Nothing in them is written by AUM BioTech.

A long non-coding RNA is a transcript of more than 200 nucleotides that is not annotated as encoding a protein. The length is a convention that dates from 2007, and the term is a shorthand for transcripts of varied or unknown function rather than the name of one kind of RNA. [R02] [R17] [R01] A lncRNA gene is one that annotators identify by a combination of transcriptional evidence and a lack of potential to be assigned as protein-coding [R05]; the class is related only by their size, more than 200 bases in length [R52], and GENCODE does not absolutely require lncRNA genes to be longer than 200 bp [R05]. [R04] [R02]

The authorities use different words for the same class. NCBI's gene type is ‘ncRNA’ and RGD's is ‘ncrna’, and RGD's record ties its word to the Sequence Ontology term ncRNA_gene, A gene that encodes a non-coding RNA.; MGI's feature type is ‘lncRNA gene’, the Sequence Ontology's lncRNA_gene, A gene that encodes a long non-coding RNA., which is the term MGI supplies to the Alliance; Ensembl's biotype is ‘lncRNA’. The broader words do not contradict the finer ones. [R20] [R23] [R21] The two definitions are the ontology's own term records, SO:0002127 and SO:0001263, in the ontology version dated 2026-08-07; the Sequence Ontology is a structured controlled vocabulary for the parts of a genomic annotation [R53].

A symbol's suffix is a naming convention, not a measurement: a gene is antisense if it overlaps the genomic coordinates of a protein coding gene on the opposite strand [R02], -IT names a transcript transcribed entirely from within an intron of a protein coding gene on the same strand [R02], -OT one that overlaps a protein coding gene on the same strand [R02], -DT one transcribed from a bidirectional promoter in the opposite direction to a protein coding gene [R02], and the intergenic ones are named with a common root symbol (LINC, ‘long intergenic non-coding RNA’) and an iterated, numerical suffix [R52]; genes with no known function are named based on their genomic context [R52]. HGNC groups its lncRNA genes by how they were named: LINC symbols for lncRNAs that overlap no protein-coding gene on either strand, share no bidirectional promoter with one and host no microRNA or snoRNA; -AS for antisense to a protein-coding gene's span; -DT for a divergent transcript from a bidirectional promoter; -IT for an intronic transcript on the same strand; -OT for an overlapping transcript on the same strand; and host genes for lncRNAs that hold a microRNA or snoRNA gene in their introns or exons. [R02] [R52] HGNC's own page for the LINC group names it ‘Long independently transcribed non-coding RNAs (LINC)’ and lists ‘Long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs’ among the names it was also known as [R59]; LINC00473's, LINC01018's and LINC02605's records carry the new name and, in HGNC's own date_name_changed field, the day of the change, 2026-06-11 (read 2026-09-09). The card prints the name and the group as the record carries them, the day as ‘Name changed’ and the earlier name under the record's previous names.

A design targets the transcript's sequence by base pairing, whatever class the annotators gave the gene. [R47] [R45]

HGNC names human genes; MGI holds the official mouse symbols and RGD the rat ones, and the three coordinate; RGD imports its gene models and positions from NCBI and Ensembl rather than annotating the genome itself. The Alliance of Genome Resources combines the model organism databases' records and standardises orthology across them with the DIOPT method, keeping the committees' curated assertions beside the sequence-based methods. [R03] [R20] [R21] [R22] [R24] [R23] [R25] [R26] [R27] The page reads HGNC's REST record; HGNC's paper of record is [R03] Seal RL, Braschi B, Gray K, McClay J, Tweedie S, Bruford EA (2026). Genenames.org: the HGNC and PGNC resources in 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D1098-D1107. PMID 41287213, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1229.

[R01] Mattick JS, Amaral PP, Carninci P, Carpenter S, Chang HY, Chen LL, et al. (2023). Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 24:430-447. PMID 36596869, doi 10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8.
[R02] Seal RL, Chen LL, Griffiths-Jones S, Lowe TM, Mathews MB, O'Reilly D, et al. (2020). A guide to naming human non‐coding RNA genes. The EMBO Journal 39:e103777. PMID 32090359, doi 10.15252/embj.2019103777.
[R03] Seal RL, Braschi B, Gray K, McClay J, Tweedie S, Bruford EA (2026). Genenames.org: the HGNC and PGNC resources in 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D1098-D1107. PMID 41287213, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1229.
[R04] Harrow J, Frankish A, Gonzalez JM, Tapanari E, Diekhans M, Kokocinski F, et al. (2012). GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project. Genome Research 22:1760-1774. PMID 22955987, doi 10.1101/gr.135350.111.
[R05] Frankish A, Diekhans M, Ferreira AM, Johnson R, Jungreis I, Loveland J, et al. (2019). GENCODE reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 47:D766-D773. PMID 30357393, doi 10.1093/nar/gky955.
[R17] O'Leary NA, Wright MW, Brister JR, Ciufo S, Haddad D, McVeigh R, et al. (2016). Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Research 44:D733-45. PMID 26553804, doi 10.1093/nar/gkv1189.
[R20] Baldarelli RM, Smith CL, Ringwald M, Richardson JE, Bult CJ, Mouse Genome Informatics Group (2024). Mouse Genome Informatics: an integrated knowledgebase system for the laboratory mouse. GENETICS 227:iyae031. PMID 38531069, doi 10.1093/genetics/iyae031.
[R21] Smith JR, Tutaj MA, Thota J, Lamers L, Gibson AC, Kundurthi A, et al. (2025). Standardized pipelines support and facilitate integration of diverse datasets at the Rat Genome Database. Database 2025:baae132. PMID 39841812, doi 10.1093/database/baae132.
[R22] Vedi M, Smith JR, Thomas Hayman G, Tutaj M, Brodie KC, De Pons JL, et al. (2023). 2022 updates to the Rat Genome Database: a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) resource. GENETICS 224:iyad042. PMID 36930729, doi 10.1093/genetics/iyad042.
[R23] Alliance of Genome Resources Consortium (2020). Alliance of Genome Resources Portal: unified model organism research platform. Nucleic Acids Research 48:D650-D658. PMID 31552413, doi 10.1093/nar/gkz813.
[R24] Alliance of Genome Resources Consortium (2022). Harmonizing model organism data in the Alliance of Genome Resources. Genetics 220:iyac022. PMID 35380658, doi 10.1093/genetics/iyac022.
[R25] Alliance of Genome Resources Consortium (2024). Updates to the Alliance of Genome Resources central infrastructure. GENETICS 227:iyae049. PMID 38552170, doi 10.1093/genetics/iyae049.
[R26] Yates B, Gray KA, Jones TEM, Bruford EA (2021). Updates to HCOP: the HGNC comparison of orthology predictions tool. Briefings in Bioinformatics 22:bbab155. PMID 33959747, doi 10.1093/bib/bbab155.
[R27] Hu Y, Flockhart I, Vinayagam A, Bergwitz C, Berger B, Perrimon N, et al. (2011). An integrative approach to ortholog prediction for disease-focused and other functional studies. BMC Bioinformatics 12:357. PMID 21880147, doi 10.1186/1471-2105-12-357.
[R45] Crooke ST, Liang XH, Baker BF, Crooke RM (2021). Antisense technology: A review. Journal of Biological Chemistry 296:100416. PMID 33600796, doi 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100416.
[R47] Lennox KA, Behlke MA (2016). Cellular localization of long non-coding RNAs affects silencing by RNAi more than by antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Research 44:863-877. PMID 26578588, doi 10.1093/nar/gkv1206.
[R52] Wright MW (2014). A short guide to long non-coding RNA gene nomenclature. Human Genomics 8:7. PMID 24716852, doi 10.1186/1479-7364-8-7.
[R53] Eilbeck K, Lewis SE, Mungall CJ, Yandell M, Stein L, Durbin R, et al. (2005). The Sequence Ontology: a tool for the unification of genome annotations. Genome Biology 6:R44. PMID 15892872, doi 10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r44.
[R59] HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, genenames.org. Gene group: Long independently transcribed non-coding RNAs (LINC). https://www.genenames.org/data/genegroup/#!/group/1986, read 2026-09-09.

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02 Transcripts and the map

The transcripts of DIO3OS, drawn

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What this tells you

The rows and the map are the transcripts NCBI's RefSeq annotation and Ensembl's release list for the gene, each catalogue in its own group with its own labels (MANE Select, RefSeq Select, Ensembl canonical) and its own release and assembly named; a transcript's biotype is printed as the catalogue writes it, and every exon drawn is the catalogue's own placement. Where the two catalogues disagree, both are shown and neither is preferred.

A biotype is the class the Ensembl/GENCODE annotators assign to a gene, and to each of its transcripts, from the evidence for it. [R05] [R07] [R10] Ensembl's own documentation defines a biotype as A gene or transcript classification [R60] and the lncRNA biotype as A non-coding gene/transcript >200bp in length [R60], and defines antisense, sense intronic, sense overlapping and lincRNA each as a class of transcripts [R60]; ‘lncRNA’ is one of the broad gene classes beside protein-coding, pseudogene and small non-coding RNA [R05], and GENCODE defines a gene's biotype by its transcripts': the ‘biotype’ of the gene, i.e. the functional classification we set, is defined by the biotype of the transcripts it contains [R58]. The card prints the gene's biotype as the release its data carries writes it. The biotypes are GENCODE's, describing biological function at the transcript level [R07]; a transcript Ensembl labels retained_intron contains, as exon, sequence that is intronic in the locus's other transcripts, containing sequence that is intronic in other transcripts from the locus [R05], or in the current paper's words models that contain retained introns (i.e. introns that have not been spliced out) [R58]; the label is Ensembl's, and the card lists such models as Ensembl lists them.

MANE Select is the one transcript per gene that RefSeq and Ensembl/GENCODE jointly chose as representative, with exon sequences identical in both, so that either identifier can be used; the set was built for protein-coding genes and, from MANE v1.4, also carries a small number of long non-coding RNAs. The set identifies a representative transcript for each human protein-coding gene [R09], and Ensembl added MANE Select transcripts for a small set of clinically important long non-coding RNAs [R10], first in MANE v1.4 available in Ensembl release 113 [R10]; the label marks the transcript recommended for those situations where only a single transcript is needed [R58]. [R11]

An NR accession is a curated RefSeq record of a non-protein-coding transcript, created by curators for a transcript whose exon structure they are confident of; an XR accession is a model produced by NCBI's annotation pipeline for the same class. RefSeq curators take a conservative approach to representing lncRNA genes, only manually creating RefSeqs (with a NR_ accession prefix) for high quality transcripts for which we have some certainty of the exon structure. [R17] The XR records are model RefSeqs (XM_, XR_ and XP_ accessions, Table 1) [R17] from the annotation pipeline.

[R05] Frankish A, Diekhans M, Ferreira AM, Johnson R, Jungreis I, Loveland J, et al. (2019). GENCODE reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 47:D766-D773. PMID 30357393, doi 10.1093/nar/gky955.
[R07] Frankish A, Carbonell-Sala S, Diekhans M, Jungreis I, Loveland JE, Mudge JM, et al. (2023). GENCODE: reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes in 2023. Nucleic Acids Research 51:D942-D949. PMID 36420896, doi 10.1093/nar/gkac1071.
[R09] Morales J, Pujar S, Loveland JE, Astashyn A, Bennett R, Berry A, et al. (2022). A joint NCBI and EMBL-EBI transcript set for clinical genomics and research. Nature 604:310-315. PMID 35388217, doi 10.1038/s41586-022-04558-8.
[R10] Dyer SC, Austine-Orimoloye O, Azov AG, Barba M, Barnes I, Barrera-Enriquez VP, et al. (2025). Ensembl 2025. Nucleic Acids Research 53:D948-D957. PMID 39656687, doi 10.1093/nar/gkae1071.
[R11] Yates AD, Austine-Orimoloye O, Azov AG, Barba M, Barnes I, Barrera-Enriquez VP, et al. (2026). Ensembl 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D1053-D1060. .

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03 The locus

The DIO3OS locus: partners, antisense genes and small RNAs

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What this tells you

The rows are the gene models Ensembl's release places over the same span as this gene, sorted by the strand and the biotype Ensembl wrote for each, with the extent of the overlap derived from Ensembl's own coordinates; a microRNA gene's matures come from miRBase's release where the two catalogues are on one assembly, and the card says when they are not.

An antisense transcript is transcribed from the opposite strand of the same region as another gene. HGNC names a lncRNA antisense (the suffix -AS) when its genomic span overlaps a protein-coding gene on the opposite strand, whether or not their exons overlap, and the name does not imply that either regulates the other. The card's ‘antisense to this RNA’ list is computed the same way from Ensembl's strands, for a partner of any biotype. [R34] [R02] [R08]

An RNase H design pairs with one strand: RNase H-mediated ‘degradative’ antisense relies upon hybridization of an ASO to the RNA target to form an RNA:DNA heteroduplex substrate for RNase H1 [R47]. A partner transcribed from the opposite strand carries, over the overlap, the same sequence as the oligonucleotide rather than its complement, so a design against this RNA does not pair with that partner. (reasoning from the cited findings, not a finding) [R45] [R34]

The hosted small RNAs are encoded within the host gene: Encoded within the 11 introns of the mouse gas5 gene are nine (10 in human) box C/D snoRNAs [R36], and H19 can function as a primary microRNA precursor [R54]; whether a knockdown of the host changes them is measured by no source on this page and is not claimed. A snoRNA host gene holds small nucleolar RNA genes in its introns, from which the snoRNAs are processed; most snoRNAs are encoded that way, in protein-coding or long non-coding host genes, and HGNC names a lncRNA host with the root SNHG. [R02] [R36] [R37] [R39] A microRNA is a small RNA of about 22 nucleotides that directs repression of the messenger RNAs it pairs with; miRBase names the genes, their hairpin precursors and their mature forms. A microRNA host gene is a gene whose transcript carries a microRNA hairpin in an intron or an exon, so the microRNA is transcribed with its host; HGNC names a lncRNA host with the suffix HG. [R40] [R41] [R02] [R39] [R54]

The rows are Ensembl's gene models on the release the card names, not evidence of function. [R04] [R06] [R02] Rows with no name are Ensembl's small RNA gene models, built by matching Rfam families to the genome with covariance models; the card prints their stable ids. [R12]

[R02] Seal RL, Chen LL, Griffiths-Jones S, Lowe TM, Mathews MB, O'Reilly D, et al. (2020). A guide to naming human non‐coding RNA genes. The EMBO Journal 39:e103777. PMID 32090359, doi 10.15252/embj.2019103777.
[R04] Harrow J, Frankish A, Gonzalez JM, Tapanari E, Diekhans M, Kokocinski F, et al. (2012). GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project. Genome Research 22:1760-1774. PMID 22955987, doi 10.1101/gr.135350.111.
[R06] Frankish A, Diekhans M, Jungreis I, Lagarde J, Loveland JE, Mudge JM, et al. (2021). GENCODE 2021. Nucleic Acids Research 49:D916-D923. PMID 33270111, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaa1087.
[R08] Derrien T, Johnson R, Bussotti G, Tanzer A, Djebali S, Tilgner H, et al. (2012). The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Research 22:1775-1789. PMID 22955988, doi 10.1101/gr.132159.111.
[R12] Aken BL, Ayling S, Barrell D, Clarke L, Curwen V, Fairley S, et al. (2016). The Ensembl gene annotation system. Database 2016:baw093. .

04 In other species

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

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What this tells you

Four sources name what they hold as this gene's counterpart in the other two species, each shown as it came and none averaged: the Alliance's stringent set with the prediction methods that matched and its confidence word, NCBI's one-to-one ortholog set, Ensembl Compara's homology with its type, and RGD's list, which carries no confidence. Each ortholog named opens its own long non-coding RNA page.

The Alliance integrates method calls through DIOPT, which assigns a score/count based on the number of methods that call a specific ortholog pair [R23], alongside manually curated ortholog inferences from HGNC and ZFIN [R23], and The most stringent of these options is used as the default ortholog set [R23], so a lncRNA pair named by HGNC alone is a curated assertion with no sequence method behind it. What HGNC requires before it asserts one: We require the two genes to be at a conserved syntenic location and to have detectable sequence similarity. [R02] [R24] [R25] [R26] [R13]

lncRNA homologs share short, 5'-biased patches of sequence conservation nested in exonic architectures that have been extensively rewired [R42] and their functions require only short patches of specific sequences and can tolerate major changes in gene architecture [R42]; Most lncRNAs evolve more rapidly than protein-coding sequences [R01]. [R08] [R36] A design for mouse or rat starts from that species' own transcript, never from the human sequence, because an oligonucleotide pairs only with the sequence it matches and a lncRNA's sequence is conserved in short patches at most. (reasoning from the cited findings, not a finding) [R45] [R42] [R43]

Compara's orthologs and paralogs are read off gene trees: orthologs are genes related by a speciation event and paralogs by a duplication. The trees are built for protein-coding genes and, separately, for short non-coding RNA genes classified by Rfam or miRBase. [R13] [R10]

[R01] Mattick JS, Amaral PP, Carninci P, Carpenter S, Chang HY, Chen LL, et al. (2023). Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 24:430-447. PMID 36596869, doi 10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8.
[R02] Seal RL, Chen LL, Griffiths-Jones S, Lowe TM, Mathews MB, O'Reilly D, et al. (2020). A guide to naming human non‐coding RNA genes. The EMBO Journal 39:e103777. PMID 32090359, doi 10.15252/embj.2019103777.
[R08] Derrien T, Johnson R, Bussotti G, Tanzer A, Djebali S, Tilgner H, et al. (2012). The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Research 22:1775-1789. PMID 22955988, doi 10.1101/gr.132159.111.
[R10] Dyer SC, Austine-Orimoloye O, Azov AG, Barba M, Barnes I, Barrera-Enriquez VP, et al. (2025). Ensembl 2025. Nucleic Acids Research 53:D948-D957. PMID 39656687, doi 10.1093/nar/gkae1071.
[R13] Herrero J, Muffato M, Beal K, Fitzgerald S, Gordon L, Pignatelli M, et al. (2016). . Database 2016:bav096. .

05 Cross-references

DIO3OS at RNAcentral and in HGNC's cross-references

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What this tells you

RNAcentral's rows are read for the labelled transcripts of the map above, by their Ensembl transcript ids: every active sequence RNAcentral lists under each, with its type and length, the one whose length equals its RefSeq partner's marked, and, for that sequence, RNAcentral's species record and the member databases that hold it, printed as RNAcentral's own text. HGNC's RNAcentral, LNCipedia and lncRNAdb fields are printed as HGNC's cross-references. Every value carries its source and the day it was read.

A URS is RNAcentral's stable identifier for one distinct RNA sequence, shared by every database that holds that sequence and by every species in which it occurs; the species-specific form appends the NCBI taxonomy id. It identifies a sequence, not a gene, so one gene can have several. [R14] [R15] [R16] [R57] Since its inception, RNAcentral has provided unique identifiers for each distinct RNA sequence [R14], and a species-specific identifier is composed of a unique RNA sequence identifier and a NCBI taxonomic identifier separated by underscore [R14]. So a URS names a sequence, not a gene, one gene can have several, and the card says which one matches the transcript the map draws. [R14] [R15]

RNAcentral's licence, in its current paper of record: In release 20, RNAcentral transitioned to a CC0 license. [R57]

[R14] The RNAcentral Consortium, Petrov AI, Kay SJE, Kalvari I, Howe KL, Gray KA, et al. (2017). RNAcentral: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 45:D128-D134. PMID 27794554, doi 10.1093/nar/gkw1008.
[R15] The RNAcentral Consortium (2019). RNAcentral: a hub of information for non-coding RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 47:D221-D229. PMID 30395267, doi 10.1093/nar/gky1034.
[R16] RNAcentral Consortium (2021). RNAcentral 2021: secondary structure integration, improved sequence search and new member databases. Nucleic Acids Research 49:D212-D220. PMID 33106848, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaa921.
[R57] RNAcentral Consortium (2026). RNAcentral in 2026: genes and literature integration. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D303-D313. PMID 41404707, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1329.

06 Expression

Where DIO3OS is expressed

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07 Literature

Papers that mention DIO3OS

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08 AUM BioTech's studies on this RNA

AUM BioTech's published work on DIO3OS

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09 Knocking down this RNA

Knocking down DIO3OS

The order page opens with DIO3OS and human filled in, on AUMlnc sdASO, with AUMlnc toASO beside it, and the price on that page. Six steps come first, each with the sources it rests on.

01
Choose the transcript
The map above shows the isoforms Ensembl and RefSeq annotate and which exons they share; the MANE Select, where one exists, identifies a representative transcript [R09], and MANE Select lncRNAs began in MANE v1.4 available in Ensembl release 113 [R10]. An oligonucleotide acts on every transcript that carries its target sequence, so a region every isoform shares reaches all of them and a region unique to one isoform reaches that one. (reasoning from the cited findings, not a finding) [R45] [R09] [R10] [R11] [R45]
02
Know what the transcript holds
A snoRNA or a microRNA hosted inside it is encoded within the host gene [R36] [R54]; an RNase H design pairs with its target strand by hybridization of an ASO to the RNA target [R47]. Whether the small RNA changes when the host is knocked down is not claimed. [R36] [R54] [R47] [R02] [R39]
03
Check where it is expressed
GTEx's medians (card 6) say which human tissues carry it [R29]; a cell line's own level is measured before the knockdown, by RT-qPCR against a matched control [R47], because lncRNA expression is strongly tissue- and cell-type-specific and a tissue median does not give a line's level. [R44] [R08] [R01] [R29] [R28] [R47] [R44] [R08] [R01] [R50] [R51]
04
Read the second species from its own transcript
Card 4 names the ortholog where a curated assertion or a method names one [R23]; lncRNA conservation lies in short patches of specific sequences [R42], so the mouse or rat design is made against that species' own sequence, and where no gene is named the sequence door is the route. [R23] [R42] [R45] [R43]
05
Run the controls
The published practice is the appropriate chemically modified negative control oligonucleotide at the same dose [R47] and a positive control against a gene known to respond, which shows that delivery worked [R47]. The order page offers a scramble control at the same yield, and a positive control for the same species at the same yield. [R47]
06
Measure the knockdown at the RNA
LncRNA knockdown was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) [R47], with assays at more than one position along the transcript; RNase H ASOs act upon nascent transcripts and, consequently, induce premature transcription termination downstream of the cleavage site [R48] and reduce the level of spliced RNA associated with chromatin [R49], so where the primer pair sits on the transcript decides what it measures. The gene is annotated as non-coding, so there is no annotated protein to blot. [R44] [R07] [R51] The studies in card 8 show what AUM BioTech's customers measured. [R47] [R48] [R49] [R51] [R44] [R07]

What the sources say

A knockdown antisense oligonucleotide is a short single strand that binds its target RNA by base pairing. The RNA strand of the resulting RNA:DNA duplex is cut by RNase H1, and the fragments are cleared by the cell's normal RNA decay. [R45] [R47] [R46]

One study of lncRNA knockdown reagents in cultured cells reports: We found that nuclear lncRNAs were more effectively suppressed using ASOs, cytoplasmic lncRNAs were more effectively suppressed using RNAi and dual-localized lncRNAs were suppressed using both methods. [R47] The same paper records evidence against a simple rule: Contrary to this evidence, the degradative RNAi protein AGO2 has been detected in the nucleus (45,58–61) and reports show that the nuclear 7SK RNA can successfully be silenced by siRNAs (62,63). [R47] This is one study's finding, about reagents transfected into HeLa cells in culture.

[R45] Crooke ST, Liang XH, Baker BF, Crooke RM (2021). Antisense technology: A review. Journal of Biological Chemistry 296:100416. PMID 33600796, doi 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100416.
[R46] Liang XH, Sun H, Nichols JG, Crooke ST (2017). RNase H1-Dependent Antisense Oligonucleotides Are Robustly Active in Directing RNA Cleavage in Both the Cytoplasm and the Nucleus. Molecular Therapy 25:2075-2092. PMID 28663102, doi 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.002.
[R47] Lennox KA, Behlke MA (2016). Cellular localization of long non-coding RNAs affects silencing by RNAi more than by antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Research 44:863-877. PMID 26578588, doi 10.1093/nar/gkv1206.

Order for DIO3OS Bring your own sequence The usage guide

AUMlnc sdASO or toASO

[R01] Mattick JS, Amaral PP, Carninci P, Carpenter S, Chang HY, Chen LL, et al. (2023). Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 24:430-447. PMID 36596869, doi 10.1038/s41580-022-00566-8.
[R02] Seal RL, Chen LL, Griffiths-Jones S, Lowe TM, Mathews MB, O'Reilly D, et al. (2020). A guide to naming human non‐coding RNA genes. The EMBO Journal 39:e103777. PMID 32090359, doi 10.15252/embj.2019103777.
[R07] Frankish A, Carbonell-Sala S, Diekhans M, Jungreis I, Loveland JE, Mudge JM, et al. (2023). GENCODE: reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes in 2023. Nucleic Acids Research 51:D942-D949. PMID 36420896, doi 10.1093/nar/gkac1071.
[R08] Derrien T, Johnson R, Bussotti G, Tanzer A, Djebali S, Tilgner H, et al. (2012). The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Research 22:1775-1789. PMID 22955988, doi 10.1101/gr.132159.111.
[R09] Morales J, Pujar S, Loveland JE, Astashyn A, Bennett R, Berry A, et al. (2022). A joint NCBI and EMBL-EBI transcript set for clinical genomics and research. Nature 604:310-315. PMID 35388217, doi 10.1038/s41586-022-04558-8.
[R10] Dyer SC, Austine-Orimoloye O, Azov AG, Barba M, Barnes I, Barrera-Enriquez VP, et al. (2025). Ensembl 2025. Nucleic Acids Research 53:D948-D957. PMID 39656687, doi 10.1093/nar/gkae1071.
[R11] Yates AD, Austine-Orimoloye O, Azov AG, Barba M, Barnes I, Barrera-Enriquez VP, et al. (2026). Ensembl 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D1053-D1060. PMID 41296548, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1239.
[R23] Alliance of Genome Resources Consortium (2020). Alliance of Genome Resources Portal: unified model organism research platform. Nucleic Acids Research 48:D650-D658. PMID 31552413, doi 10.1093/nar/gkz813.
[R28] GTEx Consortium (2013). The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nature Genetics 45:580-585. PMID 23715323, doi 10.1038/ng.2653.
[R29] GTEx Consortium (2020). The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues. Science 369:1318-1330. PMID 32913098, doi 10.1126/science.aaz1776.
[R36] Smith CM, Steitz JA (1998). Classification of gas5 as a Multi-Small-Nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) Host Gene and a Member of the 5′-Terminal Oligopyrimidine Gene Family Reveals Common Features of snoRNA Host Genes. Molecular and Cellular Biology 18:6897-6909. PMID 9819378, doi 10.1128/mcb.18.12.6897.
[R39] Rodriguez A, Griffiths-Jones S, Ashurst JL, Bradley A (2004). Identification of Mammalian microRNA Host Genes and Transcription Units. Genome Research 14:1902-1910. PMID 15364901, doi 10.1101/gr.2722704.
[R42] Hezroni H, Koppstein D, Schwartz MG, Avrutin A, Bartel DP, Ulitsky I (2015). Principles of Long Noncoding RNA Evolution Derived from Direct Comparison of Transcriptomes in 17 Species. Cell Reports 11:1110-1122. PMID 25959816, doi 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.023.
[R43] Ulitsky I (2016). Evolution to the rescue: using comparative genomics to understand long non-coding RNAs. Nature Reviews Genetics 17:601-614. PMID 27573374, doi 10.1038/nrg.2016.85.
[R44] Cabili MN, Trapnell C, Goff L, Koziol M, Tazon-Vega B, Regev A, et al. (2011). Integrative annotation of human large intergenic noncoding RNAs reveals global properties and specific subclasses. Genes & Development 25:1915-1927. PMID 21890647, doi 10.1101/gad.17446611.
[R45] Crooke ST, Liang XH, Baker BF, Crooke RM (2021). Antisense technology: A review. Journal of Biological Chemistry 296:100416. PMID 33600796, doi 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100416.
[R46] Liang XH, Sun H, Nichols JG, Crooke ST (2017). RNase H1-Dependent Antisense Oligonucleotides Are Robustly Active in Directing RNA Cleavage in Both the Cytoplasm and the Nucleus. Molecular Therapy 25:2075-2092. PMID 28663102, doi 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.002.
[R47] Lennox KA, Behlke MA (2016). Cellular localization of long non-coding RNAs affects silencing by RNAi more than by antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Research 44:863-877. PMID 26578588, doi 10.1093/nar/gkv1206.
[R48] Lee JS, Mendell JT (2020). Antisense-Mediated Transcript Knockdown Triggers Premature Transcription Termination. Molecular Cell 77:1044-1054.e3. PMID 31924448, doi 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.011.
[R49] Lai F, Damle SS, Ling KK, Rigo F (2020). Directed RNase H Cleavage of Nascent Transcripts Causes Transcription Termination. Molecular Cell 77:1032-1043.e4. PMID 31924447, doi 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.029.
[R50] Bustin SA, Benes V, Garson JA, Hellemans J, Huggett J, Kubista M, et al. (2009). The MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments. Clinical Chemistry 55:611-622. PMID 19246619, doi 10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797.
[R51] Bustin SA, Ruijter JM, van den Hoff MJB, Kubista M, Pfaffl MW, Shipley GL, et al. (2025). MIQE 2.0: Revision of the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments Guidelines. Clinical Chemistry 71:634-651. PMID 40272429, doi 10.1093/clinchem/hvaf043.
[R54] Cai X, Cullen BR (2007). The imprinted H19 noncoding RNA is a primary microRNA precursor. RNA 13:313-316. PMID 17237358, doi 10.1261/rna.351707.

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Long non-coding RNA Human Homo sapiens

DIO3OS

Reading the record for DIO3OS from HGNC, NCBI Gene and Ensembl.Still reading. A first read of a long non-coding RNA can take a while; this page waits up to 130 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the page, or a line saying what did not arrive.

The full name, the identifiers, the location and the notes from the sources arrive with the record. Nothing is filled in ahead of it.

Order door

The door to order for DIO3OS opens with the record, which decides which product it carries. The order page itself is open now.

Bring your own sequence

For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

This page is still reading the record. Its scripts replace this shell with the record when it arrives; with scripts off, it stays at this shell however long you wait.

01 What this RNA is

What DIO3OS is, by each authority

Waiting for the record before reading NCBI Gene, the Alliance and RGD.

02 Transcripts and the map

The transcripts of DIO3OS, drawn

Waiting for the record before reading NCBI Datasets and Ensembl.

03 The locus

The DIO3OS locus: partners, antisense genes and small RNAs

Waiting for the record before reading Ensembl and miRBase.

04 In other species

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

Waiting for the record before reading the Alliance, NCBI, Ensembl Compara and RGD.

05 Cross-references

DIO3OS at RNAcentral and in HGNC's cross-references

Waiting for the record before reading RNAcentral.

06 Expression

Where DIO3OS is expressed

Waiting for the record before reading GTEx and the Human Protein Atlas.

07 Literature

Papers that mention DIO3OS

Waiting for the record before reading Europe PMC.

08 AUM BioTech's studies on this RNA

AUM BioTech's published work on DIO3OS

Waiting for the record before reading the publication records.

Accession	Name	Biotype	Labels	Exons	Spliced length	Protein	Sequence
NR_152592.1matches ENST00000557661.3	transcript variant 5	non coding	none	3	1,961 ntexons sum to 1,933 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152590.1matches ENST00000555174.7	transcript variant 3	non coding	none	2	1,735 ntexons sum to 1,707 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152593.1matches ENST00000554441.8	transcript variant 6	non coding	none	4	1,148 ntexons sum to 1,120 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152591.1matches ENST00000554694.3	transcript variant 4	non coding	none	3	922 ntexons sum to 894 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	Ready in a moment

Accession	Name	Biotype	Labels	Exons	Spliced length	Protein	Sequence
NR_152592.1matches ENST00000557661.3	transcript variant 5	non coding	none	3	1,961 ntexons sum to 1,933 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152590.1matches ENST00000555174.7	transcript variant 3	non coding	none	2	1,735 ntexons sum to 1,707 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152593.1matches ENST00000554441.8	transcript variant 6	non coding	none	4	1,148 ntexons sum to 1,120 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	none	Ready in a moment
NR_152591.1matches ENST00000554694.3	transcript variant 4	non coding	none	3	922 ntexons sum to 894 nt; the record carries 28 nt beyond them	Ready in a moment

DIO3OS

What DIO3OS is, by each authority

The transcripts of DIO3OS, drawn

The DIO3OS locus: partners, antisense genes and small RNAs

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

DIO3OS at RNAcentral and in HGNC's cross-references

Where DIO3OS is expressed

Papers that mention DIO3OS

AUM BioTech's published work on DIO3OS

Knocking down DIO3OS

Choose the transcript

Know what the transcript holds

Check where it is expressed

Read the second species from its own transcript

Run the controls

Measure the knockdown at the RNA

DIO3OS

What DIO3OS is, by each authority

The transcripts of DIO3OS, drawn

The DIO3OS locus: partners, antisense genes and small RNAs

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

DIO3OS at RNAcentral and in HGNC's cross-references

Where DIO3OS is expressed

Papers that mention DIO3OS

AUM BioTech's published work on DIO3OS

DIO3OS

What DIO3OS is, by each authority

Each authority's word, as its record carries it

HGNC's recordHGNC:20348

NCBI Gene's record64150

Ensembl's recordENSG00000258498.11

The Alliance's recordHGNC:20348

RGD's record

The transcripts of DIO3OS, drawn

RefSeq 6 transcripts

A window on one transcript

Ensembl 56 transcripts

A window on one transcript

The DIO3OS locus: partners, antisense genes and small RNAs

The same gene in mouse, rat and human

DIO3OS at RNAcentral and in HGNC's cross-references

Where DIO3OS is expressed

Papers that mention DIO3OS

AUM BioTech's published work on DIO3OS

Knocking down DIO3OS

Choose the transcript

Know what the transcript holds

Check where it is expressed

Read the second species from its own transcript

Run the controls

Measure the knockdown at the RNA

Each authority's word, as its record carries it

HGNC's recordHGNC:20348

NCBI Gene's record64150

Ensembl's recordENSG00000258498.11

The Alliance's recordHGNC:20348

RGD's record

RefSeq 6 transcripts

A window on one transcript

Ensembl 56 transcripts

A window on one transcript