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Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Sphingolipid metabolism

R-HSA-428157 in Reactome release 97: under Metabolism of lipids, with 107 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 3 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-428157 (mouse), R-RNO-428157 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

  1. [R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
  2. [R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
  3. [R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
  4. [R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
  5. [R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.
Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 107 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 100, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 2
GeneA4GALTAuthorityHGNC:18149Mapping file id53947 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABCC1AuthorityHGNC:51Mapping file id4363 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABCG2AuthorityHGNC:74Mapping file id9429 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACER1AuthorityHGNC:18356Mapping file id125981 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACER2AuthorityHGNC:23675Mapping file id340485 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACER3AuthorityHGNC:16066Mapping file id55331 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDH3A2AuthorityHGNC:403Mapping file id224 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDH3B1AuthorityHGNC:410Mapping file id221 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDH3B2AuthorityHGNC:411Mapping file id222 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSAAuthorityHGNC:713Mapping file id410 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSBAuthorityHGNC:714Mapping file id411 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSDAuthorityHGNC:717Mapping file id414 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSFAuthorityHGNC:721Mapping file id416 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSGAuthorityHGNC:24102Mapping file id22901 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSHAuthorityHGNC:32488Mapping file id347527 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSIAuthorityHGNC:32521Mapping file id340075 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSJAuthorityHGNC:26286Mapping file id79642 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSKAuthorityHGNC:25239Mapping file id153642 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARSLAuthorityHGNC:719Mapping file id415 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneASAH1AuthorityHGNC:735Mapping file id427 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneASAH2AuthorityHGNC:18860Mapping file id56624 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB3GALNT1AuthorityHGNC:918Mapping file id8706 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB3GALT4AuthorityHGNC:919Mapping file id8705 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB3GNT5AuthorityHGNC:15684Mapping file id84002 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB4GALNT1AuthorityHGNC:4117Mapping file id2583 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB4GALT5AuthorityHGNC:928Mapping file id9334 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneB4GALT6AuthorityHGNC:929Mapping file id9331 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERKAuthorityHGNC:19256Mapping file id64781 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS1AuthorityHGNC:14253Mapping file id10715 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS2AuthorityHGNC:14076Mapping file id29956 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS3AuthorityHGNC:23752Mapping file id204219 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS4AuthorityHGNC:23747Mapping file id79603 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS5AuthorityHGNC:23749Mapping file id91012 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERS6AuthorityHGNC:23826Mapping file id253782 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCERT1AuthorityHGNC:2205Mapping file id10087 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCSNK1G2AuthorityHGNC:2455Mapping file id1455 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCTSAAuthorityHGNC:9251Mapping file id5476 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneCYB5BAuthorityHGNC:24374Mapping file id80777 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneDEGS1AuthorityHGNC:13709Mapping file id8560 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneDEGS2AuthorityHGNC:20113Mapping file id123099 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneENPP7AuthorityHGNC:23764Mapping file id339221 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneFA2HAuthorityHGNC:21197Mapping file id79152 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneFUT1AuthorityHGNC:4012Mapping file id2523 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneFUT2AuthorityHGNC:4013Mapping file id2524 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGAL3ST1AuthorityHGNC:24240Mapping file id9514 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGALCAuthorityHGNC:4115Mapping file id2581 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGBA1AuthorityHGNC:4177Mapping file id2629 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGBA2AuthorityHGNC:18986Mapping file id57704 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGBA3AuthorityHGNC:19069Mapping file id57733 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGLAAuthorityHGNC:4296Mapping file id2717 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGLB1AuthorityHGNC:4298Mapping file id2720 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGLB1LAuthorityHGNC:28129Mapping file id79411 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGLB1L2AuthorityHGNC:25129Mapping file id89944 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGLB1L3AuthorityHGNC:25147Mapping file id112937 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneGM2AAuthorityHGNC:4367Mapping file id2760 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneHEXAAuthorityHGNC:4878Mapping file id3073 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneHEXBAuthorityHGNC:4879Mapping file id3074 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneKDSRAuthorityHGNC:4021Mapping file id2531 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneM6PRAuthorityHGNC:6752Mapping file id4074 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneMFSD2BAuthorityHGNC:37207Mapping file id388931 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneNEU1AuthorityHGNC:7758Mapping file id4758 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneNEU2AuthorityHGNC:7759Mapping file id4759 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneNEU3AuthorityHGNC:7760Mapping file id10825 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneNEU4AuthorityHGNC:21328Mapping file id129807 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneORMDL1AuthorityHGNC:16036Mapping file id94101 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneORMDL2AuthorityHGNC:16037Mapping file id29095 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneORMDL3AuthorityHGNC:16038Mapping file id94103 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneOSBPAuthorityHGNC:8503Mapping file id5007 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePLPP1AuthorityHGNC:9228Mapping file id8611 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePLPP2AuthorityHGNC:9230Mapping file id8612 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePLPP3AuthorityHGNC:9229Mapping file id8613 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePPM1LAuthorityHGNC:16381Mapping file id151742 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePRKD1AuthorityHGNC:9407Mapping file id5587 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePRKD2AuthorityHGNC:17293Mapping file id25865 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePRKD3AuthorityHGNC:9408Mapping file id23683 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSAPAuthorityHGNC:9498Mapping file id5660 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSAMD8AuthorityHGNC:26320Mapping file id142891 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSGMS1AuthorityHGNC:29799Mapping file id259230 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSGMS2AuthorityHGNC:28395Mapping file id166929 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSGPL1AuthorityHGNC:10817Mapping file id8879 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSGPP1AuthorityHGNC:17720Mapping file id81537 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSGPP2AuthorityHGNC:19953Mapping file id130367 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSMPD1AuthorityHGNC:11120Mapping file id6609 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSMPD2AuthorityHGNC:11121Mapping file id6610 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSMPD3AuthorityHGNC:14240Mapping file id55512 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSMPD4AuthorityHGNC:32949Mapping file id55627 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPHK1AuthorityHGNC:11240Mapping file id8877 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPHK2AuthorityHGNC:18859Mapping file id56848 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPNS2AuthorityHGNC:26992Mapping file id124976 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPTLC1AuthorityHGNC:11277Mapping file id10558 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPTLC2AuthorityHGNC:11278Mapping file id9517 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPTLC3AuthorityHGNC:16253Mapping file id55304 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPTSSAAuthorityHGNC:20361Mapping file id171546 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPTSSBAuthorityHGNC:24045Mapping file id165679 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST3GAL2AuthorityHGNC:10863Mapping file id6483 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST3GAL3AuthorityHGNC:10866Mapping file id6487 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST3GAL5AuthorityHGNC:10872Mapping file id8869 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST6GALNAC5AuthorityHGNC:19342Mapping file id81849 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST6GALNAC6AuthorityHGNC:23364Mapping file id30815 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneST8SIA5AuthorityHGNC:17827Mapping file id29906 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

  • Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

  • Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.