Pathway Human Homo sapiens

mRNA Capping

R-HSA-72086 in Reactome release 97: under Metabolism of RNA, with 30 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 0 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-72086 (mouse), R-RNO-72086 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-72086.6
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2004-07-06
Last updated: 2017-06-22
Events inside: 11, counted from the record

The 5'-ends of all eukaryotic pre-mRNAs studied thus far are converted to cap structures. The cap is thought to influence splicing of the first intron, and is bound by 'cap-binding' proteins, CBP80 and CBP20, in the nucleus. The cap is important for translation initiation, and it also interacts with the poly(A)terminus, via proteins, resulting in circularization of the mRNA to facilitate multiple rounds of translation. The cap is also important for mRNA stability, protecting it from 5' to 3' nucleases, and is required for mRNA export to the cytoplasm.

The capping reaction usually occurs very rapidly on nascent transcripts; after the synthesis of only a few nucleotides by RNA polymerase II. The capping reaction involves the conversion of the 5'-end of the nascent transcript from a triphosphate to a diphosphate by a RNA 5'-triphosphatase, followed by the addition of a guanosine monophosphate by the mRNA guanylyltransferase, to form a 5'-5'-triphosphate linkage. This cap is then methylated by 2'-O-methyltransferases.

Literature Reactome attaches

Messenger RNA capping enzymes from eukaryotic cells.Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol, 1988, vol. 34, p. 1-28PubMed 3326038
Integrating mRNA processing with transcription.Cell, 2002, vol. 108, p. 501-12PubMed 11909521
Coupling RNA polymerase II transcription with pre-mRNA processing.Curr Opin Cell Biol, 1999, vol. 11, p. 347-51PubMed 10395561
The ends of the affair: capping and polyadenylation.Nat Struct Biol, 2000, vol. 7, p. 838-42PubMed 11017188

Reactome's record lists 14 orthologous events, R-MMU-72086 (Mus musculus), R-RNO-72086 (Rattus norvegicus) among the species this site serves, and 12 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser"mRNA Capping". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-72086 with StableID: R-HSA-72086.6 (accessed 2026-10-01 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 30 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 30, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 1
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneCCNH	AuthorityHGNC:1594	Mapping file id902 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCDK7	AuthorityHGNC:1778	Mapping file id1022 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneERCC2	AuthorityHGNC:3434	Mapping file id2068 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneERCC3	AuthorityHGNC:3435	Mapping file id2071 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2F1	AuthorityHGNC:4652	Mapping file id2962 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2F2	AuthorityHGNC:4653	Mapping file id2963 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2H1	AuthorityHGNC:4655	Mapping file id2965 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2H2	AuthorityHGNC:4656	Mapping file id2966 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2H3	AuthorityHGNC:4657	Mapping file id2967 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2H4	AuthorityHGNC:4658	Mapping file id2968 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGTF2H5	AuthorityHGNC:21157	Mapping file id404672 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMNAT1	AuthorityHGNC:7181	Mapping file id4331 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCBP1	AuthorityHGNC:7658	Mapping file id4686 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCBP2	AuthorityHGNC:7659	Mapping file id22916 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2A	AuthorityHGNC:9187	Mapping file id5430 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2B	AuthorityHGNC:9188	Mapping file id5431 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2C	AuthorityHGNC:9189	Mapping file id5432 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2D	AuthorityHGNC:9191	Mapping file id5433 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2E	AuthorityHGNC:9192	Mapping file id5434 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2F	AuthorityHGNC:9193	Mapping file id5435 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2G	AuthorityHGNC:9194	Mapping file id5436 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2H	AuthorityHGNC:9195	Mapping file id5437 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2I	AuthorityHGNC:9196	Mapping file id5438 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2J	AuthorityHGNC:9197	Mapping file id5439 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2K	AuthorityHGNC:9198	Mapping file id5440 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOLR2L	AuthorityHGNC:9199	Mapping file id5441 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRAMAC	AuthorityHGNC:31022	Mapping file id83640 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRNGTT	AuthorityHGNC:10073	Mapping file id8732 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRNMT	AuthorityHGNC:10075	Mapping file id8731 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSUPT5H	AuthorityHGNC:11469	Mapping file id6829 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Metabolism of RNAR-HSA-8953854751 genes

Children

None: no pathway of this release's list names this one as a parent.

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.