Pathway Human Homo sapiens

HCMV Infection

R-HSA-9609646 in Reactome release 97: under Viral Infection Pathways, with 293 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 2 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id; neither of the other two lists holds it. Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-9609646.5
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: yes, as Reactome flags it
Released: 2019-12-10
Last updated: 2021-09-15
Events inside: 2, counted from the record

Herpesviruses have a unique four-layered structure: a core containing the large, double-stranded DNA genome is enclosed by an icosapentahedral capsid which is composed of capsomers. The capsid is surrounded by an amorphous protein coat called the tegument. It is encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope.

Herpesviruses are divided into three groups: alpha-herpesviruses, beta-herpesviruses, and gamma-herpesviruses. The beta herpesviruses have a restricted host range. Their reproductive life cycle is long (days), with infection progressing slowly in cell culture systems. These viruses cause their host cells to enlarge, as exemplified by a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. These viruses can establish latent infection in secretory glands, cells of the reticuloendothelial system, and the kidneys.

Human Cytomegalovirus, or HCMV, is a common virus that infects people of all ages. In the United States, nearly one in three children are already infected with HCMV by age 5 years. Over half of adults by age 40 have been infected with HCMV. Once HCMV is in a person’s body, it stays there for life and can reactivate.

Cytomegalovirus causes three clinical syndromes:

(1) Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (when symptomatic) causes hepatosplenomegaly, retinitis, rash, and central nervous system involvement.

(2) In about 10 per cent of older children and adults, primary cytomegalovirus infection causes a mononucleosis syndrome with fever, malaise, atypical lymphocytosis, and pharyngitis.

(3) Immunocompromised hosts (transplant recipients and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-infected individuals) may develop life-threatening disseminated disease involving the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, retina, and central nervous system.

Experimentally HCMV can be propagated in multiple cell lines. When propagated in human fibroblasts, HCMV clinical isolates acquire mutations in a manner that suggests a process of adaptation. Two strains of HCMV AD169 (grown from cultures of adenoid tissue taken from a 7-year-old girl) and Towne (developed as an attenuated vaccine by passaging 125 times in vitro) were initially used as the primary clinical strains. As only 26 % of HCMV canonical genes (45/171) are essential for viral replication in vitro it became important that a model strain be developed.

The Merlin BAC was derived for this use. Produced using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning system (to avoid adaptation/degradation of the genome with each passage) the Merlin strain contains a complete HCMV genome that is thought to accurately to represent the original clinical agent from which it was derived. It is also a reproducible source of clonal virus (via transfection) and is capable of reconstituting phenotypically wild-type virus.

The lifecycle represented here uses the Merlin strain where possible.Infectious Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles enter the cell through interaction with cellular receptors. Once in the cytoplasm capsid and tegument proteins are delivered to the cytosol. The capsid travels to the nucleus, where the genome is delivered and circularized. Tegument proteins regulate host cell responses and initiate the expression of viral I immediate early genes. This is followed by delayed early genes, which initiate viral genome replication, then late genes. Late gene expression initiates capsid assembly in the nucleus, followed by nuclear egress to the cytosol. Capsids associate with tegument proteins in the cytosol and are trafficked to the viral assembly complex that contains components from the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and endosomal machinery. The capsids acquire additional tegument proteins and a viral envelope by budding into intracellular vesicles. These vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release enveloped infectious particles along with non-infectious dense bodies.

Literature Reactome attaches

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) - RevisedTransfus Med Hemother, 2010, vol. 37, p. 365-375PubMed 21483467
Human cytomegalovirus: taking the strainMed. Microbiol. Immunol., 2015, vol. 204, p. 273-84PubMed 25894764
Fields Virology2013
The life cycle and pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus infection: lessons from proteomicsExpert Rev Proteomics, 2014, vol. 11, p. 697-711PubMed 25327590

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-05 ET · Reactome pathway browser"HCMV Infection". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-9609646 with StableID: R-HSA-9609646.5 (accessed 2026-10-05 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 293 genes in this human pathway; showing 101 to 200, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking. 37 of the rows shown carry an id the identity file does not name, kept as the source wrote it.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 2 of 3
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneNUP155	AuthorityHGNC:8063	Mapping file id9631 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP160	AuthorityHGNC:18017	Mapping file id23279 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP188	AuthorityHGNC:17859	Mapping file id23511 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP205	AuthorityHGNC:18658	Mapping file id23165 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP210	AuthorityHGNC:30052	Mapping file id23225 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP214	AuthorityHGNC:8064	Mapping file id8021 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP35	AuthorityHGNC:29797	Mapping file id129401 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP37	AuthorityHGNC:29929	Mapping file id79023 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP42	AuthorityHGNC:17010	Mapping file id11097 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP43	AuthorityHGNC:21182	Mapping file id348995 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP50	AuthorityHGNC:8065	Mapping file id10762 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP54	AuthorityHGNC:17359	Mapping file id53371 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP58	AuthorityHGNC:20261	Mapping file id9818 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP62	AuthorityHGNC:8066	Mapping file id23636 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP85	AuthorityHGNC:8734	Mapping file id79902 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP88	AuthorityHGNC:8067	Mapping file id4927 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP93	AuthorityHGNC:28958	Mapping file id9688 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP98	AuthorityHGNC:8068	Mapping file id4928 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePML	AuthorityHGNC:9113	Mapping file id5371 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOM121	AuthorityHGNC:19702	Mapping file id9883 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOM121C	AuthorityHGNC:34005	Mapping file idENSG00000272391 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRAE1	AuthorityHGNC:9828	Mapping file id8480 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRANBP2	AuthorityHGNC:9848	Mapping file id5903 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRBBP4	AuthorityHGNC:9887	Mapping file id5928 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRBBP7	AuthorityHGNC:9890	Mapping file id5931 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRNF103-CHMP3	AuthorityHGNC:38847	Mapping file id100526767 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSEC13	AuthorityHGNC:10697	Mapping file id6396 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSEH1L	AuthorityHGNC:30379	Mapping file id81929 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSNF8	AuthorityHGNC:17028	Mapping file id11267 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSUZ12	AuthorityHGNC:17101	Mapping file id23512 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTBL1X	AuthorityHGNC:11585	Mapping file id6907 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTBL1XR1	AuthorityHGNC:29529	Mapping file id79718 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTPR	AuthorityHGNC:12017	Mapping file id7175 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRIM28	AuthorityHGNC:16384	Mapping file id10155 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTSG101	AuthorityHGNC:15971	Mapping file id7251 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA1A	AuthorityHGNC:20766	Mapping file id7846 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA1B	AuthorityHGNC:18809	Mapping file id10376 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA1C	AuthorityHGNC:20768	Mapping file id84790 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA3C	AuthorityHGNC:12408	Mapping file id7278 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA3D	AuthorityHGNC:24071	Mapping file id113457 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA3E	AuthorityHGNC:20765	Mapping file id112714 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA4A	AuthorityHGNC:12407	Mapping file id7277 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA4B	AuthorityHGNC:18637	Mapping file id80086 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBA8	AuthorityHGNC:12410	Mapping file id51807 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBAL3	AuthorityHGNC:23534	Mapping file id79861 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB1	AuthorityHGNC:16257	Mapping file id81027 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB2A	AuthorityHGNC:12412	Mapping file id7280 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB2B	AuthorityHGNC:30829	Mapping file id347733 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB3	AuthorityHGNC:20772	Mapping file id10381 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB4A	AuthorityHGNC:20774	Mapping file id10382 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB4B	AuthorityHGNC:20771	Mapping file id10383 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB6	AuthorityHGNC:20776	Mapping file id84617 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB8	AuthorityHGNC:20773	Mapping file id347688 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTUBB8B	AuthorityHGNC:24983	Mapping file id260334 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneUBAP1	AuthorityHGNC:12461	Mapping file id51271 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS25	AuthorityHGNC:28122	Mapping file id84313 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS28	AuthorityHGNC:18178	Mapping file id51160 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS36	AuthorityHGNC:20312	Mapping file id51028 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS37A	AuthorityHGNC:24928	Mapping file id137492 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS37B	AuthorityHGNC:25754	Mapping file id79720 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS37C	AuthorityHGNC:26097	Mapping file id55048 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS37D	AuthorityHGNC:18287	Mapping file id155382 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS4A	AuthorityHGNC:13488	Mapping file id27183 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id13229470 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id13229472 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id13229473 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077416 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077417 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077419 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077420 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077421 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077422 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077423 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077424 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077425 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077426 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077428 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077429 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077430 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077431 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077432 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077435 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077439 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077441 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077442 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077443 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077444 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077445 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077446 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077447 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077448 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077449 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077450 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077451 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077452 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077454 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077455 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077456 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077457 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077459 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Viral Infection PathwaysR-HSA-98244461,279 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.