Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis

R-HSA-1483206 in Reactome release 97: under Phospholipid metabolism, with 129 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 18 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-1483206 (mouse), R-RNO-1483206 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-1483206.8
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2012-06-12
Last updated: 2022-04-07
Events inside: 21, counted from the record

Glycerophospholipids are important structural and functional components of biological membranes and constituents of serum lipoproteins and the pulmonary surfactant. In addition, glycerophospholipids act as precursors of lipid mediators such as platelet-activating factor and eicosanoids. Cellular membranes contains a distinct composition of various glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), cardiolipin (CL), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysobisphosphatidic acid (also known as bis(monoacylglycerol) hydrogen phosphate - BMP).

Glycerophospholipids are first formed by the de novo (Kennedy) pathway using fatty acids activated as acyl-CoA donors. However, the acyl groups of glycerophospholipids are highly diverse and distributed in an asymmetric manner. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are usually esterified at the sn-1 position, whereas polyunsaturated acyl groups are esterified at the sn-2 position. Subsequent acyl chain remodeling (Lands cycle) generates the diverse glycerophospholipid composition and asymmetry characteristic of cell membranes.

In the de novo pathway of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is initially formed from glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P). Next, LPA is converted to PA by a LPA acyltransferase (AGPAT, also known as LPAAT), then PA is metabolized into two types of glycerol derivatives. The first is diacylglycerol (DAG) which is converted to triacylglycerol (TAG), PC, and PE. Subsequently, PS is synthesized from PC or PE. The second is cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), which is processed into PI, PG, CL, and BMP. Each glycerophospholipid is involved in acyl chain remodeling via cleavage by phospholipases followed by reacylation by an acyltransferase.

Most of the glycerophospholipids are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), however, some, most notably cardiolipin, and BMP are synthesized in the mitochondrial and endosomal membranes respectively. Since the most of the glycerophospholipids are found in all membrane compartments, there must be extensive network of transport of glycerophospholipids from one membrane compartment to another via various mechanisms including diffusion through the cytosol, formation of transportation complexes, and diffusion via membrane contact sites (MCS) (Osman et al. 2011, Lebiedzinska et al. 2009, Lev 2010, Scherer & Schmitz 2011, Orso et al. 2011, Hermansson et al. 2011, Vance & Vance 2008).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 129 genes in this human pathway; showing 101 to 129, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 2 of 2
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GenePLA2R1	AuthorityHGNC:9042	Mapping file id22925 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLAAT1	AuthorityHGNC:14922	Mapping file id57110 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLAAT2	AuthorityHGNC:17824	Mapping file id54979 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLAAT3	AuthorityHGNC:17825	Mapping file id11145 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLAAT4	AuthorityHGNC:9869	Mapping file id5920 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLAAT5	AuthorityHGNC:24978	Mapping file id117245 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLB1	AuthorityHGNC:30041	Mapping file id151056 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLBD1	AuthorityHGNC:26215	Mapping file id79887 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePLD1	AuthorityHGNC:9067	Mapping file id5337 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePLD2	AuthorityHGNC:9068	Mapping file id5338 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePLD3	AuthorityHGNC:17158	Mapping file id23646 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GenePLD4	AuthorityHGNC:23792	Mapping file id122618 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GenePLD6	AuthorityHGNC:30447	Mapping file id201164 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePNPLA2	AuthorityHGNC:30802	Mapping file id57104 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePNPLA3	AuthorityHGNC:18590	Mapping file id80339 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePNPLA8	AuthorityHGNC:28900	Mapping file id50640 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePTDSS1	AuthorityHGNC:9587	Mapping file id9791 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePTDSS2	AuthorityHGNC:15463	Mapping file id81490 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePTPMT1	AuthorityHGNC:26965	Mapping file id114971 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneSELENOI	AuthorityHGNC:29361	Mapping file id85465 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC44A1	AuthorityHGNC:18798	Mapping file id23446 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC44A2	AuthorityHGNC:17292	Mapping file id57153 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC44A3	AuthorityHGNC:28689	Mapping file id126969 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC44A4	AuthorityHGNC:13941	Mapping file id80736 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC44A5	AuthorityHGNC:28524	Mapping file id204962 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSTARD10	AuthorityHGNC:10666	Mapping file id10809 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSTARD7	AuthorityHGNC:18063	Mapping file id56910 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTAFAZZIN	AuthorityHGNC:11577	Mapping file id6901 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTMEM86B	AuthorityHGNC:28448	Mapping file id255043 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Phospholipid metabolismR-HSA-1483257212 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.