Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Signal Transduction

R-HSA-162582 in Reactome release 97: a top-level pathway, with 2,631 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 17 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-162582 (mouse), R-RNO-162582 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-162582.13
Class: TopLevelPathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2011-09-20
Last updated: 2023-06-07
Events inside: 17, counted from the record
Also named: Signaling Pathways

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such as hormones and growth factors, or reacting to other types of stimuli, such as light. Stimulation of transmembrane receptors leads to their conformational change which propagates the signal to the intracellular environment by activating downstream signaling cascades. Depending on the cellular context, this may impact cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. On the organism level, signal transduction regulates overall growth and behavior.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) transmit extracellular signals by phosphorylating their protein partners on conserved tyrosine residues. Some of the best studied RTKs are EGFR (reviewed in Avraham and Yarden, 2011), FGFR (reviewed in Eswarakumar et al, 2005), insulin receptor (reviewed in Saltiel and Kahn, 2001), NGF (reviewed in Reichardt, 2006), PDGF (reviewed in Andrae et al, 2008) and VEGF (reviewed in Xie et al, 2004). RTKs frequently activate downstream signaling through RAF/MAP kinases (reviewed in McKay and Morrison, 2007 and Wellbrock et al 2004), AKT (reviewed in Manning and Cantley, 2007) and PLC- gamma (reviewed in Patterson et al, 2005), which ultimately results in changes in gene expression and cellular metabolism.

Receptor serine/threonine kinases of the TGF-beta family, such as TGF-beta receptors (reviewed in Kang et al. 2009) and BMP receptors (reviewed in Miyazono et al. 2009), transmit extracellular signals by phosphorylating regulatory SMAD proteins on conserved serine and threonine residues. This leads to formation of complexes of regulatory SMADs and SMAD4, which translocate to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors.

WNT receptors transmit their signal through beta-catenin. In the absence of ligand, beta-catenin is constitutively degraded in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. WNT receptor stimulation releases beta-catenin from the destruction complex, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional regulator (reviewed in MacDonald et al, 2009 and Angers and Moon, 2009). WNT receptors were originally classified as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although they are structurally related, GPCRs primarily transmit their signals through G-proteins, which are trimers of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. When a GPCR is activated, it acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, catalyzing GDP to GTP exchange on the G-alpha subunit of the G protein and its dissociation from the gamma-beta heterodimer. The G-alpha subunit regulates the activity of adenylate cyclase, while the gamma-beta heterodimer can activate AKT and PLC signaling (reviewed in Rosenbaum et al. 2009, Oldham and Hamm 2008, Ritter and Hall 2009).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 2,631 genes in this human pathway; showing 1,401 to 1,500, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 15 of 27
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneMCHR2	AuthorityHGNC:20867	Mapping file id84539 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMDK	AuthorityHGNC:6972	Mapping file id4192 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMDM2	AuthorityHGNC:6973	Mapping file id4193 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMECOM	AuthorityHGNC:3498	Mapping file id2122 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMED1	AuthorityHGNC:9234	Mapping file id5469 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMEF2A	AuthorityHGNC:6993	Mapping file id4205 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneMEF2C	AuthorityHGNC:6996	Mapping file id4208 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneMEF2D	AuthorityHGNC:6997	Mapping file id4209 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMEMO1	AuthorityHGNC:14014	Mapping file id51072 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMEN1	AuthorityHGNC:7010	Mapping file id4221 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMET	AuthorityHGNC:7029	Mapping file id4233 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMFN1	AuthorityHGNC:18262	Mapping file id55669 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMFN2	AuthorityHGNC:16877	Mapping file id9927 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMFNG	AuthorityHGNC:7038	Mapping file id4242 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneMGLL	AuthorityHGNC:17038	Mapping file id11343 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIB1	AuthorityHGNC:21086	Mapping file id57534 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneMIB2	AuthorityHGNC:30577	Mapping file id142678 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMIR142	AuthorityHGNC:31529	Mapping file idENSG00000284353 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR150	AuthorityHGNC:31537	Mapping file idENSG00000207782 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR181C	AuthorityHGNC:31552	Mapping file idENSG00000207613 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR200B	AuthorityHGNC:31579	Mapping file idENSG00000207730 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR200C	AuthorityHGNC:31580	Mapping file idENSG00000207713 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR206	AuthorityHGNC:31584	Mapping file idENSG00000207604 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR23B	AuthorityHGNC:31606	Mapping file idENSG00000207563 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR27B	AuthorityHGNC:31614	Mapping file idENSG00000207864 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR302A	AuthorityHGNC:31623	Mapping file idENSG00000207927 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR34B	AuthorityHGNC:31636	Mapping file idENSG00000207811 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR34C	AuthorityHGNC:31637	Mapping file idENSG00000207562 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR449A	AuthorityHGNC:27645	Mapping file idENSG00000198983 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR449B	AuthorityHGNC:32794	Mapping file idENSG00000207728 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIR449C	AuthorityHGNC:37302	Mapping file idENSG00000251856 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIRLET7A1	AuthorityHGNC:31476	Mapping file idENSG00000199165 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMIS12	AuthorityHGNC:24967	Mapping file id79003 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMKNK1	AuthorityHGNC:7110	Mapping file id8569 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMKRN1	AuthorityHGNC:7112	Mapping file id23608 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMKS1	AuthorityHGNC:7121	Mapping file id54903 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMLN	AuthorityHGNC:7141	Mapping file id4295 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMLNR	AuthorityHGNC:4495	Mapping file id2862 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMLST8	AuthorityHGNC:24825	Mapping file id64223 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP10	AuthorityHGNC:7156	Mapping file idENSG00000166670 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP14	AuthorityHGNC:7160	Mapping file id4323 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP16	AuthorityHGNC:7162	Mapping file id4325 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP2	AuthorityHGNC:7166	Mapping file id4313 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP3	AuthorityHGNC:7173	Mapping file id4314 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMMP7	AuthorityHGNC:7174	Mapping file id4316 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMMP9	AuthorityHGNC:7176	Mapping file id4318 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMOB1A	AuthorityHGNC:16015	Mapping file id55233 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMOB1B	AuthorityHGNC:29801	Mapping file id92597 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMOSPD2	AuthorityHGNC:28381	Mapping file id158747 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMOV10	AuthorityHGNC:7200	Mapping file id4343 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMPP7	AuthorityHGNC:26542	Mapping file id143098 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMRAS	AuthorityHGNC:7227	Mapping file id22808 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMRGPRD	AuthorityHGNC:29626	Mapping file id116512 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMRTFA	AuthorityHGNC:14334	Mapping file id57591 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMSI2	AuthorityHGNC:18585	Mapping file id124540 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMST1	AuthorityHGNC:7380	Mapping file id4485 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMST1R	AuthorityHGNC:7381	Mapping file id4486 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTA1	AuthorityHGNC:7410	Mapping file id9112 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMTA2	AuthorityHGNC:7411	Mapping file id9219 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMTA3	AuthorityHGNC:23784	Mapping file id57504 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMTMR1	AuthorityHGNC:7449	Mapping file id8776 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTMR4	AuthorityHGNC:7452	Mapping file id9110 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTNR1A	AuthorityHGNC:7463	Mapping file id4543 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTNR1B	AuthorityHGNC:7464	Mapping file id4544 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTOR	AuthorityHGNC:3942	Mapping file id2475 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTR	AuthorityHGNC:7468	Mapping file id4548 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTX1	AuthorityHGNC:7504	Mapping file id4580 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMUC13	AuthorityHGNC:7511	Mapping file id56667 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMUC20	AuthorityHGNC:23282	Mapping file id200958 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMXD4	AuthorityHGNC:13906	Mapping file id10608 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYB	AuthorityHGNC:7545	Mapping file id4602 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYC	AuthorityHGNC:7553	Mapping file id4609 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYCN	AuthorityHGNC:7559	Mapping file id4613 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYD88	AuthorityHGNC:7562	Mapping file id4615 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYF5	AuthorityHGNC:7565	Mapping file id4617 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYF6	AuthorityHGNC:7566	Mapping file id4618 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYH10	AuthorityHGNC:7568	Mapping file id4628 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYH11	AuthorityHGNC:7569	Mapping file id4629 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYH14	AuthorityHGNC:23212	Mapping file id79784 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYH9	AuthorityHGNC:7579	Mapping file id4627 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYL12B	AuthorityHGNC:29827	Mapping file id103910 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYL6	AuthorityHGNC:7587	Mapping file id4637 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYL9	AuthorityHGNC:15754	Mapping file id10398 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYLIP	AuthorityHGNC:21155	Mapping file id29116 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYLK	AuthorityHGNC:7590	Mapping file id4638 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMYO19	AuthorityHGNC:26234	Mapping file id80179 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYO6	AuthorityHGNC:7605	Mapping file id4646 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYO9A	AuthorityHGNC:7608	Mapping file id4649 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYO9B	AuthorityHGNC:7609	Mapping file id4650 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYOD1	AuthorityHGNC:7611	Mapping file id4654 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMYOG	AuthorityHGNC:7612	Mapping file id4656 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNAB1	AuthorityHGNC:7626	Mapping file id4664 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNAB2	AuthorityHGNC:7627	Mapping file id4665 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneNBEA	AuthorityHGNC:7648	Mapping file id26960 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneNCAM1	AuthorityHGNC:7656	Mapping file id4684 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCBP1	AuthorityHGNC:7658	Mapping file id4686 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCBP2	AuthorityHGNC:7659	Mapping file id22916 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCF1	AuthorityHGNC:7660	Mapping file id653361 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCF2	AuthorityHGNC:7661	Mapping file id4688 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNCF4	AuthorityHGNC:7662	Mapping file id4689 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

None: this is a top-level pathway of the release.

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.