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Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Immune System

R-HSA-168256 in Reactome release 97: a top-level pathway, with 2,484 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 3 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-168256 (mouse), R-RNO-168256 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

  1. [R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
  2. [R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
  3. [R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
  4. [R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
  5. [R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.
Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 2,484 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 100, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 25
GeneA1BGAuthorityHGNC:5Mapping file id1 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneA2MAuthorityHGNC:7Mapping file id2 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAAASAuthorityHGNC:13666Mapping file id8086 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAAMPAuthorityHGNC:18Mapping file id14 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABCA13AuthorityHGNC:14638Mapping file id154664 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABCE1AuthorityHGNC:69Mapping file id6059 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABI1AuthorityHGNC:11320Mapping file id10006 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneABI2AuthorityHGNC:24011Mapping file id10152 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneABL1AuthorityHGNC:76Mapping file id25 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneABL2AuthorityHGNC:77Mapping file id27 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACAA1AuthorityHGNC:82Mapping file id30 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACLYAuthorityHGNC:115Mapping file id47 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACP3AuthorityHGNC:125Mapping file id55 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACTBAuthorityHGNC:132Mapping file id60 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneACTG1AuthorityHGNC:144Mapping file id71 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneACTL6AAuthorityHGNC:24124Mapping file id86 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneACTR10AuthorityHGNC:17372Mapping file id55860 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACTR1AAuthorityHGNC:167Mapping file id10121 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACTR1BAuthorityHGNC:168Mapping file id10120 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneACTR2AuthorityHGNC:169Mapping file id10097 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneACTR3AuthorityHGNC:170Mapping file id10096 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneADA2AuthorityHGNC:1839Mapping file id51816 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADAM10AuthorityHGNC:188Mapping file id102 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADAM17AuthorityHGNC:195Mapping file id6868 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneADAM8AuthorityHGNC:215Mapping file id101 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADARAuthorityHGNC:225Mapping file id103 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADGRE3AuthorityHGNC:23647Mapping file id84658 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADGRE5AuthorityHGNC:1711Mapping file id976 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADGRG3AuthorityHGNC:13728Mapping file id222487 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneADRM1AuthorityHGNC:15759Mapping file id11047 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAFF4AuthorityHGNC:17869Mapping file id27125 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneAGAAuthorityHGNC:318Mapping file id175 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGERAuthorityHGNC:320Mapping file id177 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAGLAuthorityHGNC:321Mapping file id178 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGO1AuthorityHGNC:3262Mapping file id26523 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGO2AuthorityHGNC:3263Mapping file id27161 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGO3AuthorityHGNC:18421Mapping file id192669 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGO4AuthorityHGNC:18424Mapping file id192670 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAGPAT2AuthorityHGNC:325Mapping file id10555 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAHCYL1AuthorityHGNC:344Mapping file id10768 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneAHSGAuthorityHGNC:349Mapping file id197 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAICDAAuthorityHGNC:13203Mapping file id57379 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAIM2AuthorityHGNC:357Mapping file id9447 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAIPAuthorityHGNC:358Mapping file id9049 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAKT1AuthorityHGNC:391Mapping file id207 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAKT2AuthorityHGNC:392Mapping file id208 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAKT3AuthorityHGNC:393Mapping file id10000 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALADAuthorityHGNC:395Mapping file id210 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDH3B1AuthorityHGNC:410Mapping file id221 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDOAAuthorityHGNC:414Mapping file id226 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALDOCAuthorityHGNC:418Mapping file id230 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALOX15AuthorityHGNC:433Mapping file id246 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALOX5AuthorityHGNC:435Mapping file id240 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneALPK1AuthorityHGNC:20917Mapping file id80216 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAMPD3AuthorityHGNC:470Mapping file id272 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC1AuthorityHGNC:19988Mapping file id64682 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC10AuthorityHGNC:24077Mapping file id10393 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC11AuthorityHGNC:14452Mapping file id51529 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC13AuthorityHGNC:24540Mapping file id25847 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC2AuthorityHGNC:19989Mapping file id29882 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC4AuthorityHGNC:19990Mapping file id29945 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC5AuthorityHGNC:15713Mapping file id51433 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANAPC7AuthorityHGNC:17380Mapping file id51434 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANO6AuthorityHGNC:25240Mapping file id196527 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANPEPAuthorityHGNC:500Mapping file id290 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANXA1AuthorityHGNC:533Mapping file id301 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneANXA2AuthorityHGNC:537Mapping file id302 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAOC1AuthorityHGNC:80Mapping file id26 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1B1AuthorityHGNC:554Mapping file id162 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1G1AuthorityHGNC:555Mapping file id164 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1M1AuthorityHGNC:13667Mapping file id8907 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1M2AuthorityHGNC:558Mapping file id10053 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1S1AuthorityHGNC:559Mapping file id1174 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1S2AuthorityHGNC:560Mapping file id8905 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP1S3AuthorityHGNC:18971Mapping file id130340 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP2A1AuthorityHGNC:561Mapping file id160 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP2A2AuthorityHGNC:562Mapping file id161 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP2B1AuthorityHGNC:563Mapping file id163 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP2M1AuthorityHGNC:564Mapping file id1173 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAP2S1AuthorityHGNC:565Mapping file id1175 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAPAF1AuthorityHGNC:576Mapping file id317 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAPEHAuthorityHGNC:586Mapping file id327 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAPEX2AuthorityHGNC:17889Mapping file id27301 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAPOBAuthorityHGNC:603Mapping file id338 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAPPAuthorityHGNC:620Mapping file id351 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneAPRTAuthorityHGNC:626Mapping file id353 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneAREL1AuthorityHGNC:20363Mapping file id9870 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARF1AuthorityHGNC:652Mapping file id375 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARG1AuthorityHGNC:663Mapping file id383 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARHGAP45AuthorityHGNC:17102Mapping file id23526 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARHGAP9AuthorityHGNC:14130Mapping file id64333 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARID1AAuthorityHGNC:11110Mapping file id8289 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneARID1BAuthorityHGNC:18040Mapping file id57492 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA
GeneARIH1AuthorityHGNC:689Mapping file id25820 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARIH2AuthorityHGNC:690Mapping file id10425 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARL8AAuthorityHGNC:25192Mapping file id127829 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARMC8AuthorityHGNC:24999Mapping file id25852 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneARPC1AAuthorityHGNC:703Mapping file id10552 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneARPC1BAuthorityHGNC:704Mapping file id10095 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneARPC2AuthorityHGNC:705Mapping file id10109 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

  • Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

  • Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.