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Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Regulation of T cell activation by CD28 family

R-HSA-388841 in Reactome release 97: under Adaptive Immune System, with 277 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 5 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-388841 (mouse), R-RNO-388841 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

  1. [R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
  2. [R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
  3. [R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
  4. [R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
  5. [R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.
Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 277 genes in this human pathway; showing 201 to 277, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking. 2 of the rows shown carry an id the identity file does not name, kept as the source wrote it.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 3 of 3
GenePSMB3AuthorityHGNC:9540Mapping file id5691 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMB4AuthorityHGNC:9541Mapping file id5692 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMB5AuthorityHGNC:9542Mapping file id5693 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMB6AuthorityHGNC:9543Mapping file id5694 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMB7AuthorityHGNC:9544Mapping file id5695 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC1AuthorityHGNC:9547Mapping file id5700 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC2AuthorityHGNC:9548Mapping file id5701 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC3AuthorityHGNC:9549Mapping file id5702 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC4AuthorityHGNC:9551Mapping file id5704 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC5AuthorityHGNC:9552Mapping file id5705 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMC6AuthorityHGNC:9553Mapping file id5706 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD1AuthorityHGNC:9554Mapping file id5707 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD11AuthorityHGNC:9556Mapping file id5717 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD12AuthorityHGNC:9557Mapping file id5718 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD13AuthorityHGNC:9558Mapping file id5719 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD14AuthorityHGNC:16889Mapping file id10213 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD2AuthorityHGNC:9559Mapping file id5708 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD3AuthorityHGNC:9560Mapping file id5709 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD6AuthorityHGNC:9564Mapping file id9861 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD7AuthorityHGNC:9565Mapping file id5713 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePSMD8AuthorityHGNC:9566Mapping file id5714 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePTPN11AuthorityHGNC:9644Mapping file id5781 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GenePTPN6AuthorityHGNC:9658Mapping file id5777 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRAC1AuthorityHGNC:9801Mapping file id5879 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRBBP4AuthorityHGNC:9887Mapping file id5928 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRBBP5AuthorityHGNC:9888Mapping file id5929 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRBBP7AuthorityHGNC:9890Mapping file id5931 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRBX1AuthorityHGNC:9928Mapping file id9978 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRELAAuthorityHGNC:9955Mapping file id5970 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRICTORAuthorityHGNC:28611Mapping file id253260 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRNF185AuthorityHGNC:26783Mapping file id91445 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRNF5AuthorityHGNC:10068Mapping file id6048 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRPN1AuthorityHGNC:10381Mapping file id6184 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRPN2AuthorityHGNC:10382Mapping file id6185 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneRPS27AAuthorityHGNC:10417Mapping file id6233 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSEL1LAuthorityHGNC:10717Mapping file id6400 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSEM1AuthorityHGNC:10845Mapping file id7979 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSKP1AuthorityHGNC:10899Mapping file id6500 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSPOPAuthorityHGNC:11254Mapping file id8405 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSRCAuthorityHGNC:11283Mapping file id6714 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSTAT1AuthorityHGNC:11362Mapping file id6772 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSTAT3AuthorityHGNC:11364Mapping file id6774 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSTT3AAuthorityHGNC:6172Mapping file id3703 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSTT3BAuthorityHGNC:30611Mapping file id201595 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneSUZ12AuthorityHGNC:17101Mapping file id23512 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTCF7AuthorityHGNC:11639Mapping file id6932 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTCF7L1AuthorityHGNC:11640Mapping file id83439 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTCF7L2AuthorityHGNC:11641Mapping file id6934 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTEAD1AuthorityHGNC:11714Mapping file id7003 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTEAD2AuthorityHGNC:11715Mapping file id8463 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTEAD3AuthorityHGNC:11716Mapping file id7005 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTEAD4AuthorityHGNC:11717Mapping file id7004 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTHEM4AuthorityHGNC:17947Mapping file id117145 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTMEM258AuthorityHGNC:1164Mapping file id746 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTNFRSF14AuthorityHGNC:11912Mapping file id8764 NCBI fileEvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneTNRC6AAuthorityHGNC:11969Mapping file id27327 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTNRC6BAuthorityHGNC:29190Mapping file id23112 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTNRC6CAuthorityHGNC:29318Mapping file id57690 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRAV19AuthorityHGNC:12115Mapping file idENSG00000211799 Ensembl fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRAV29DV5AuthorityHGNC:12127Mapping file idENSG00000211810 Ensembl fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRAV8-4AuthorityHGNC:12149Mapping file idENSG00000211790 Ensembl fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRBV12-3AuthorityHGNC:12185Mapping file idENSG00000274752 Ensembl fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRBV7-9AuthorityHGNC:12243Mapping file idENSG00000278030 Ensembl fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTRIB3AuthorityHGNC:16228Mapping file id57761 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneTUSC3AuthorityHGNC:30242Mapping file id7991 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneUBA52AuthorityHGNC:12458Mapping file id7311 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneUBBAuthorityHGNC:12463Mapping file id7314 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneUBCAuthorityHGNC:12468Mapping file id7316 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneVAV1AuthorityHGNC:12657Mapping file id7409 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneVCPAuthorityHGNC:12666Mapping file id7415 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneWDR5AuthorityHGNC:12757Mapping file id11091 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneWWTR1AuthorityHGNC:24042Mapping file id25937 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneYAP1AuthorityHGNC:16262Mapping file id10413 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneYES1AuthorityHGNC:12841Mapping file id7525 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
GeneYWHAGAuthorityHGNC:12852Mapping file id7532 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity fileAuthoritynoneMapping file id43740571 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity fileAuthoritynoneMapping file id43740575 NCBI fileEvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

  • Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

  • Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.