Pathway Human Homo sapiens

tRNA processing

R-HSA-72306 in Reactome release 97: under Metabolism of RNA, with 116 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 4 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-72306 (mouse), R-RNO-72306 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-72306.8
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2015-09-22
Last updated: 2020-06-17
Events inside: 4, counted from the record

Genes encoding transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase III in the nucleus and by mitochondrial RNA polymerase in the mitochondrion.

In the nucleus transcription reactions produce precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) that have extra 5' leaders, 3' trailers, and, in some cases, introns which are removed by enzymes and enzyme complexes: RNase P cleaves the 5' leader, RNase Z cleaves the 3' trailer, TRNT1 polymerizes CCA onto the resulting 3' end, the TSEN complex cleaves at each end of the intron, and the tRNA ligase complex ligates the resulting exons (reviewed in Rossmanith et al. 1995, Phizicky and Hopper 2010, Suzuki et al. 2011, Abbott et al. 2014, Li and Mason 2014). The nucleotides within tRNAs undergo further chemical modifications such as methylation and deamination by a diverse set of enzymes (reviewed in Helm and Alfonzo 2014, Boschi-Muller and Motorin 2013). The order of events for each tRNA is not fully known and the understanding of the overall process is complicated by the retrograde (cytosol to nucleus) transport of tRNAs.

In the mitochondrial matrix transcription produces long precursor RNAs, H strand transcripts and an L strand transcript, that are cleaved by mitochondrial RNase P (an entirely proteinaceous complex), ELAC2, and other nucleases to yield 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, mRNAs, and pre-tRNAs lacking 3' CCA sequences (reviewed in Van Haute et al. 2015). TRNT1 polymerizes an untemplated CCA sequence onto the 3' ends of the pre-tRNAs and chemical modifications are made to several nucleotides in the tRNAs.

Literature Reactome attaches

Human mitochondrial tRNA processingJ. Biol. Chem., 1995, vol. 270, p. 12885-91PubMed 7759547
Human mitochondrial tRNAs: biogenesis, function, structural aspects, and diseasesAnnu. Rev. Genet., 2011, vol. 45, p. 299-329PubMed 21910628
The pivotal regulatory landscape of RNA modificationsAnnu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2014, vol. 15, p. 127-50PubMed 24898039
tRNA biology charges to the frontGenes Dev., 2010, vol. 24, p. 1832-60PubMed 20810645
Transfer RNA and human diseaseFront Genet, 2014, vol. 5, p. 158PubMed 24917879
Posttranscriptional RNA Modifications: playing metabolic games in a cell's chemical LegolandChem. Biol., 2014, vol. 21, p. 174-85PubMed 24315934
Chemistry enters nucleic acids biology: enzymatic mechanisms of RNA modificationBiochemistry Mosc., 2013, vol. 78, p. 1392-404PubMed 24490730
Mitochondrial transcript maturation and its disordersJ. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 2015, vol. 38, p. 655-80PubMed 26016801

Reactome's record lists 12 orthologous events, R-RNO-72306 (Rattus norvegicus), R-MMU-72306 (Mus musculus) among the species this site serves, and 10 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser"tRNA processing". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-72306 with StableID: R-HSA-72306.8 (accessed 2026-10-01 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 116 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 100, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 2
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneAAAS	AuthorityHGNC:13666	Mapping file id8086 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneADAT1	AuthorityHGNC:228	Mapping file id23536 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneADAT2	AuthorityHGNC:21172	Mapping file id134637 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneADAT3	AuthorityHGNC:25151	Mapping file id113179 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneALKBH8	AuthorityHGNC:25189	Mapping file id91801 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneCDKAL1	AuthorityHGNC:21050	Mapping file id54901 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCLP1	AuthorityHGNC:16999	Mapping file id10978 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCPSF1	AuthorityHGNC:2324	Mapping file id29894 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCPSF4	AuthorityHGNC:2327	Mapping file id10898 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCSTF2	AuthorityHGNC:2484	Mapping file id1478 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCTU1	AuthorityHGNC:29590	Mapping file id90353 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCTU2	AuthorityHGNC:28005	Mapping file id348180 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneDDX1	AuthorityHGNC:2734	Mapping file id1653 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneDUS2	AuthorityHGNC:26014	Mapping file id54920 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneELAC2	AuthorityHGNC:14198	Mapping file id60528 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneEPRS1	AuthorityHGNC:3418	Mapping file id2058 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneFTSJ1	AuthorityHGNC:13254	Mapping file id24140 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneGON7	AuthorityHGNC:20356	Mapping file id84520 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneGTPBP3	AuthorityHGNC:14880	Mapping file id84705 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneHSD17B10	AuthorityHGNC:4800	Mapping file id3028 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLAGE3	AuthorityHGNC:26058	Mapping file id8270 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneLCMT2	AuthorityHGNC:17558	Mapping file id9836 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneMETTL1	AuthorityHGNC:7030	Mapping file id4234 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneMT-RNR1	AuthorityHGNC:7470	Mapping file idENSG00000211459 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMT-RNR2	AuthorityHGNC:7471	Mapping file idENSG00000210082 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneMTO1	AuthorityHGNC:19261	Mapping file id25821 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneNDC1	AuthorityHGNC:25525	Mapping file id55706 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNSUN2	AuthorityHGNC:25994	Mapping file id54888 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneNSUN6	AuthorityHGNC:23529	Mapping file id221078 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP107	AuthorityHGNC:29914	Mapping file id57122 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP133	AuthorityHGNC:18016	Mapping file id55746 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP153	AuthorityHGNC:8062	Mapping file id9972 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP155	AuthorityHGNC:8063	Mapping file id9631 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP160	AuthorityHGNC:18017	Mapping file id23279 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP188	AuthorityHGNC:17859	Mapping file id23511 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP205	AuthorityHGNC:18658	Mapping file id23165 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP210	AuthorityHGNC:30052	Mapping file id23225 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP214	AuthorityHGNC:8064	Mapping file id8021 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP35	AuthorityHGNC:29797	Mapping file id129401 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP37	AuthorityHGNC:29929	Mapping file id79023 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP42	AuthorityHGNC:17010	Mapping file id11097 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP43	AuthorityHGNC:21182	Mapping file id348995 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP50	AuthorityHGNC:8065	Mapping file id10762 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP54	AuthorityHGNC:17359	Mapping file id53371 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP58	AuthorityHGNC:20261	Mapping file id9818 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP62	AuthorityHGNC:8066	Mapping file id23636 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP85	AuthorityHGNC:8734	Mapping file id79902 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP88	AuthorityHGNC:8067	Mapping file id4927 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP93	AuthorityHGNC:28958	Mapping file id9688 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneNUP98	AuthorityHGNC:8068	Mapping file id4928 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneOSGEP	AuthorityHGNC:18028	Mapping file id55644 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneOSGEPL1	AuthorityHGNC:23075	Mapping file id64172 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOM121	AuthorityHGNC:19702	Mapping file id9883 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOM121C	AuthorityHGNC:34005	Mapping file idENSG00000272391 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOP1	AuthorityHGNC:30129	Mapping file id10940 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOP4	AuthorityHGNC:30081	Mapping file id10775 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOP5	AuthorityHGNC:17689	Mapping file id51367 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePOP7	AuthorityHGNC:19949	Mapping file id10248 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePRORP	AuthorityHGNC:19958	Mapping file id9692 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePUS1	AuthorityHGNC:15508	Mapping file id80324 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GenePUS3	AuthorityHGNC:25461	Mapping file id83480 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GenePUS7	AuthorityHGNC:26033	Mapping file id54517 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneQNG1	AuthorityHGNC:28144	Mapping file id84267 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneQTRT1	AuthorityHGNC:23797	Mapping file id81890 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneQTRT2	AuthorityHGNC:25771	Mapping file id79691 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRAE1	AuthorityHGNC:9828	Mapping file id8480 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRAN	AuthorityHGNC:9846	Mapping file id5901 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRANBP2	AuthorityHGNC:9848	Mapping file id5903 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP14	AuthorityHGNC:30327	Mapping file id11102 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP21	AuthorityHGNC:21300	Mapping file id79897 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP25	AuthorityHGNC:30361	Mapping file id54913 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP30	AuthorityHGNC:17688	Mapping file id10556 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP38	AuthorityHGNC:30329	Mapping file id10557 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPP40	AuthorityHGNC:20992	Mapping file id10799 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRPPH1	AuthorityHGNC:19273	Mapping file idENSG00000277209 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRTCB	AuthorityHGNC:26935	Mapping file id51493 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRTRAF	AuthorityHGNC:23169	Mapping file id51637 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSEC13	AuthorityHGNC:10697	Mapping file id6396 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSEH1L	AuthorityHGNC:30379	Mapping file id81929 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTHADA	AuthorityHGNC:19217	Mapping file id63892 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTHG1L	AuthorityHGNC:26053	Mapping file id54974 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTP53RK	AuthorityHGNC:16197	Mapping file id112858 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTPR	AuthorityHGNC:12017	Mapping file id7175 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTPRKB	AuthorityHGNC:24259	Mapping file id51002 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRDMT1	AuthorityHGNC:2977	Mapping file id1787 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRIT1	AuthorityHGNC:20286	Mapping file id54802 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneTRMT1	AuthorityHGNC:25980	Mapping file id55621 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMT10A	AuthorityHGNC:28403	Mapping file id93587 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT10C	AuthorityHGNC:26022	Mapping file id54931 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMT11	AuthorityHGNC:21080	Mapping file id60487 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT112	AuthorityHGNC:26940	Mapping file id51504 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT13	AuthorityHGNC:25502	Mapping file id54482 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT44	AuthorityHGNC:26653	Mapping file id152992 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT5	AuthorityHGNC:23141	Mapping file id57570 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRMT6	AuthorityHGNC:20900	Mapping file id51605 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMT61A	AuthorityHGNC:23790	Mapping file id115708 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMT61B	AuthorityHGNC:26070	Mapping file id55006 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMT9B	AuthorityHGNC:26725	Mapping file id57604 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneTRMU	AuthorityHGNC:25481	Mapping file id55687 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA
GeneTRNT1	AuthorityHGNC:17341	Mapping file id51095 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Metabolism of RNAR-HSA-8953854751 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.