Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Bacterial Infection Pathways

R-HSA-9824439 in Reactome release 97: under Infectious disease, with 332 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 4 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id; neither of the other two lists holds it. Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-9824439.2
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: yes, as Reactome flags it
Released: 2023-03-29
Events inside: 4, counted from the record

Bacterial infection pathways aim to capture molecular mechanisms of human bacterial diseases related to bacterial adhesion to and invasion of human host cells and tissues, toxigenicity (interaction of bacterially-produced toxins with the human host), and evasion of the host's immune defense.

Bacterial infection pathways currently include some metabolic processes mediated by intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the actions of clostridial, anthrax, and diphtheria toxins, and the entry of Listeria monocytogenes into human cells.

Clostridial toxins are produced by anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the genus Clostridium. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene, and Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis. The anthrax toxin is produced by the aerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the species Bacillus anthracis. The diphtheria toxin is produced by aerobic nonspore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the species Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected with the bacterial virus corynephage beta. Enterobacterial toxins are produced by pathogenic strains of Enterobacteriaceae, aerobic gram-negative bacilli that are part of normal intestinal flora, such as Escherichia coli.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria are acid-fast, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacilli that cause tuberculosis, a wide-spread disease that usually affects the lungs.

Listeria monocytogenes bacteria are aerobic nonspore-forming gram-positive bacilli that cause listeriosis.

Literature Reactome attaches

Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, Twenty Fifth Edition2010, p. 145-372

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 332 genes in this human pathway; showing 101 to 200, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking. 94 of the rows shown carry an id the identity file does not name, kept as the source wrote it.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 2 of 4
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneUBC	AuthorityHGNC:12468	Mapping file id7316 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
GeneUBE2D2	AuthorityHGNC:12475	Mapping file id7322 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneUPK1A	AuthorityHGNC:12577	Mapping file id11045 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVAMP1	AuthorityHGNC:12642	Mapping file id6843 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVAMP2	AuthorityHGNC:12643	Mapping file id6844 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneVPS33B	AuthorityHGNC:12712	Mapping file id26276 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id1238024 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id1238048 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id24255210 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id300072994 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3772941 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45025501 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45025512 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45025515 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424103 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424261 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424262 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424424 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424697 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45424900 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425252 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425254 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425255 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425328 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425368 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425388 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425418 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425449 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425525 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45425849 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426212 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426218 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426242 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426418 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426419 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426435 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426589 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426662 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426768 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45426882 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427234 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427363 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427446 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427842 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427849 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427879 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427913 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id45427914 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id5185057 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id5185061 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67173851 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67174233 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67174341 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67175013 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67175465 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id67175887 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75170052 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75170406 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75170480 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75170481 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75170592 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75173723 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75173734 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75173735 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75173738 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75201984 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75201990 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75201991 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75201993 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75202887 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75202888 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75203446 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75203630 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id75206476 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id76523816 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id84667473 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id86948491 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885357 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885594 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885614 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885638 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885717 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885724 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885767 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885903 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885905 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885939 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id885959 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886174 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886176 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886209 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886229 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886232 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886241 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886300 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886358 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886402 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886418 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886603 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886604 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Infectious diseaseR-HSA-56632051,731 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.