Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Bacterial Infection Pathways

R-HSA-9824439 in Reactome release 97: under Infectious disease, with 332 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 4 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id; neither of the other two lists holds it. Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-9824439.2
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: yes, as Reactome flags it
Released: 2023-03-29
Events inside: 4, counted from the record

Bacterial infection pathways aim to capture molecular mechanisms of human bacterial diseases related to bacterial adhesion to and invasion of human host cells and tissues, toxigenicity (interaction of bacterially-produced toxins with the human host), and evasion of the host's immune defense.

Bacterial infection pathways currently include some metabolic processes mediated by intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the actions of clostridial, anthrax, and diphtheria toxins, and the entry of Listeria monocytogenes into human cells.

Clostridial toxins are produced by anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the genus Clostridium. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene, and Clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis. The anthrax toxin is produced by the aerobic spore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the species Bacillus anthracis. The diphtheria toxin is produced by aerobic nonspore-forming gram-positive bacilli of the species Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected with the bacterial virus corynephage beta. Enterobacterial toxins are produced by pathogenic strains of Enterobacteriaceae, aerobic gram-negative bacilli that are part of normal intestinal flora, such as Escherichia coli.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria are acid-fast, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacilli that cause tuberculosis, a wide-spread disease that usually affects the lungs.

Listeria monocytogenes bacteria are aerobic nonspore-forming gram-positive bacilli that cause listeriosis.

Literature Reactome attaches

Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, Twenty Fifth Edition2010, p. 145-372

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-02 ET · Reactome pathway browser"Bacterial Infection Pathways". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-9824439 with StableID: R-HSA-9824439.2 (accessed 2026-10-02 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 332 genes in this human pathway; showing 201 to 300, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking. 100 of the rows shown carry an id the identity file does not name, kept as the source wrote it.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 3 of 4
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886624 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886684 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886700 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886709 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886754 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886834 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886853 NCBI file	EvidenceIEA, TAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886865 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886980 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886981 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886985 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id886997 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887215 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887229 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887373 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887629 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887871 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id887988 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888042 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888085 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888164 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888177 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888192 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888479 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888559 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888777 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id888860 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id89518018 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id89519135 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id912778 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id912835 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id912903 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id913843 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93248072 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93521454 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93774466 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93774491 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93774661 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93776131 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93776132 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93776392 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777247 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777248 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777263 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777336 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777382 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777542 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777674 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93777913 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778077 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778271 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778440 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778590 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778806 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778958 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778981 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id93778982 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id944812 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id944821 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id944843 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id944861 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id944870 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945108 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945112 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945164 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945181 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945193 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945201 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945209 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945214 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945250 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945420 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945448 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945464 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945583 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945745 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945843 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id945951 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946268 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946345 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946372 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946374 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946375 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946427 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946604 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946606 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946608 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946614 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946816 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946838 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946890 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946954 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id946982 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947040 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947086 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947139 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947322 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947510 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947521 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id947538 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: IEA, TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Infectious diseaseR-HSA-56632051,731 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.