Pathway Human Homo sapiens

Disease

R-HSA-1643685 in Reactome release 97: a top-level pathway, with 2,550 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 12 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id; neither of the other two lists holds it. Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

Scripts are off

This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-1643685.19
Class: TopLevelPathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: yes, as Reactome flags it
Released: 2011-12-06
Last updated: 2023-06-07
Events inside: 12, counted from the record

Biological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular viewpoint, human disease pathways have three mechanistic causes: the inclusion of microbially-expressed proteins, altered functions of human proteins, or changed expression levels of otherwise functionally normal human proteins.

The first group encompasses the infectious diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis and HIV infection. The second group involves human proteins modified either by a mutation or by an abnormal post-translational event that produces an aberrant protein with a novel function. Examples include somatic mutations of EGFR and FGFR (epidermal and fibroblast growth factor receptor) genes, which encode constitutively active receptors that signal even in the absence of their ligands, or the somatic mutation of IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) that leads to an enzyme active on 2-oxoglutarate rather than isocitrate, or the abnormal protein aggregations of amyloidosis which lead to diseases such as Alzheimer's.

Infectious diseases are represented in Reactome as microbial-human protein interactions and the consequent events. The existence of variant proteins and their association with disease-specific biological processes is represented by inclusion of the modified protein in a new or variant reaction, an extension to the 'normal' pathway. Diseases which result from proteins performing their normal functions but at abnormal rates can also be captured, though less directly. Many mutant alleles encode proteins that retain their normal functions but have abnormal stabilities or catalytic efficiencies, leading to normal reactions that proceed to abnormal extents. The phenotypes of such diseases can be revealed when pathway annotations are combined with expression or rate data from other sources.

Depending on the biological pathway/process immediately affected by disease-causing gene variants, non-infectious diseases in Reactome are organized into diseases of signal transduction by growth factore receptors and second messengers, diseases of mitotic cell cycle, diseases of cellular response to stress, diseases of programmed cell death, diseases of DNA repair, disorders of transmembrane transporters, diseases of metabolism, diseases of immune system, diseases of neuronal system, disorders of developmental biology, disorders of extracellular matrix organization, and diseases of hemostatis.

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 2,550 genes in this human pathway; showing 2,201 to 2,300, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking. 100 of the rows shown carry an id the identity file does not name, kept as the source wrote it.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 23 of 26
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077455 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077456 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077457 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077459 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077460 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077462 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077463 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077464 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077465 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077466 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077471 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077472 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077473 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077474 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077475 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077479 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077480 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077481 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077482 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077484 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077485 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077486 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077487 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077489 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077490 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077493 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077494 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077495 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077496 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077497 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077498 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077500 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077501 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077502 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077503 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077504 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077506 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077508 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077509 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077511 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077512 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077513 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077514 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077515 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077516 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077517 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077518 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077519 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077520 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077521 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077522 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077523 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077524 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077525 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077526 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077527 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077528 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077529 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077530 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077531 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077532 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077533 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077534 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077536 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077537 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077538 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077539 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077541 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077542 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077543 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077545 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077546 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077547 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077548 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077549 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077551 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077553 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077554 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077557 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077558 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077559 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077560 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077561 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077562 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077563 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077564 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077566 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077567 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077569 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077571 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077572 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077574 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077575 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077576 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077577 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077578 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3077579 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3707572 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3772941 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
Geneno symbol in the identity file	Authoritynone	Mapping file id3802042 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

None: this is a top-level pathway of the release.

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.