Pathway Human Homo sapiens

SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

R-HSA-425407 in Reactome release 97: under Transport of small molecules, with 245 genes placed in it by the mapping files and 10 child pathways in the hierarchy.

The same number in the other species

Reactome writes the mouse and rat events it infers from a human pathway under the human number with the species token. A door opens only where that species' own list in this release holds the id: R-MMU-425407 (mouse), R-RNO-425407 (rat). Whether the event was inferred from this one is what the record says.

The record
The genes
Parents and children

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This page reads the pathway's record from its source while you read the rest; with scripts off the card stays at its loading line. Reload with scripts on to see it, or open the source's own page from the link in the card.

01The record

Reactome's own record of this pathway

What this tells you

The pathway list, the hierarchy and the genes on this page are read from the files Reactome publishes for Reactome release 97, built into this site on 2026-09-09: the pathway list, the hierarchy relationship file and the two gene mapping files. The record card is the one live read, Reactome's own record of this pathway.

Reactome's download page describes the mapping files: Mapping files link the source database identifier to the lowest level pathway diagram or subset of the pathway, all levels of the pathway hierarchy or database identifier to all reactions. [R13] The gene list here is the all-levels mapping of NCBI Gene ids, filled from the all-levels mapping of Ensembl ids where the NCBI file has no row for a gene; each row names which file it came from by the shape of its source id. Each row carries the evidence codes the file writes for it, as written and unranked, and both where the file writes both; no page of Reactome's documentation the survey read defines the codes, so this page does not expand them. A gene id the identity files do not name is kept as the source's own id with no door rather than turned into a symbol.

On citing what a search finds, Reactome says: It should be remembered that while we strive to contain the most current and accurate data, Reactome should not be used in citations where other primary sources of information are available. [R12] The record card prints the literature Reactome attaches to a curated pathway for that reason. The data are public domain: All data in the Reactome database and files derived from that data are licensed under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0). User may copy, modify, and distribute these data, even for commercial purposes, without asking for permission. Attribution is encouraged but not required. [R10] The pathway illustrations are licensed apart, under CC BY 4.0, and none is shown here.

A gene on this list is one Reactome places in this pathway in this release, and that is all the row says: it does not say the gene is expressed in a tissue or associated with a disease, which are the other two explorers' questions, read from other sources. Reactome's papers of record are [R01] [R02].

[R01] Ragueneau E, Gong C, Sinquin P, Sevilla C, Beavers D, Grentner A, et al. (2026). The Reactome Knowledgebase 2026. Nucleic Acids Research 54:D673-D681. PMID 41251150, doi 10.1093/nar/gkaf1223.
[R02] Milacic M, Beavers D, Conley P, Gong C, Gillespie M, Griss J, et al. (2024). The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Research 52:D672-D678. PMID 37941124, doi 10.1093/nar/gkad1025.
[R10] Reactome, reactome.org. License Agreement. https://reactome.org/license, read 2026-09-09.
[R12] Reactome, reactome.org. Citing us. https://reactome.org/cite, read 2026-09-09.
[R13] Reactome, reactome.org. Download. https://reactome.org/download-data, read 2026-09-09.

Stable id: R-HSA-425407.6
Class: Pathway
Species: Homo sapiens (human)
Inferred: no: a curated human pathway
Disease pathway: no
Released: 2009-09-30
Last updated: 2022-09-14
Events inside: 10, counted from the record

Proteins with transporting functions can be roughly classified into 3 categories: ATP-powered pumps, ion channels, and transporters. Pumps utilize the energy released by ATP hydrolysis to power the movement of the substrates across the membrane, against their electrochemical gradient. Channels at the open state can transfer the substrates (ions or water) down their electrochemical gradient, at an extremely high efficiency (up to 108 s-1). Transporters facilitate the movement of a specific substrate either against or following their concentration gradient, at a lower speed (about 102 -104 s-1); as generally believed, conformational change of the transporter protein is involved in the transfer process.

According to the Human Genome Organization (HUGO) Gene Nomenclature Committee, all human transporters can be grouped into the solute-carrier (SLC) superfamily (http://www.genenames.org/genefamilies/SLC). Currently, there are 55 SLC families in the superfamily, with a total of at least 362 putatively functional protein-coding genes (Hediger et al. 2004, He et al. 2009; http://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/intro.htm). At least 20-25% amino-acid sequence identity is shared by members belonging to the same SLC family. No homology is shared between different SLC families. While the HUGO nomenclature system by definition only includes human genes, the nomenclature system has been informally extended to include rodent species through the use of lower cases letters (e.g., Slc1a1 denotes the rodent ortholog of the human SLC1A1 gene). And it's worthwhile to mention that pumps, channels and aquaporins are not included in SLC superfamily.

To date, nine SLC gene families (SLC4, SLC5, SLC8, SLC9, SLC12, SLC20, SLC24, SLC26 and SLC34) comprise the group that exclusively transports inorganic cations and anions across membranes. A further eight SLC gene families (SLC1, SLC6, SLC7, SLC16, SLC25, SLC36, SLC38 and SLC43) are involved in the transport of amino acids and oligopeptides (He et al. 2009). Two gene families are responsible for glucose transport in humans. SLC2 (encoding GLUTs) and SLC5 (encoding SGLTs) families mediate glucose absorption in the small intestine, glucose reabsorption in the kidney, glucose uptake by the brain across the blood-brain barrier and glucose release by all cells in the body (Wood & Trayhurn 2003).

SLC transporters are able to transport bile salts, organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds. Myo-Inositol is a precursor to phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns) and to the inositol phosphates (IP), which serve as second messengers and also act as key regulators of many cell functions (Schneider 2015). Mono-, di- and tri-carboxylate transporters mediate the transport of these acids across cellular membranes (Pajor 2006, Morris & Felmlee 2008). Essential metals are transported by metal-transporting proteins, which also control their efflux to avoid toxic build-up (Bressler et al. 2007). The SLC6 gene family encodes proteins that mediate neurotransmitter uptake in the central nervous system (CSN) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), thus terminating a synaptic signal (Chen et al. 2004). Urea transport is particularly important in the process of urinary concentration and for rapid urea equilibrium in non-renal tissues (Olives et al. 1994). Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. SLC genes SLC5A7 and the SLC44 family encode choline transporters (Traiffort et al. 2005). The SLC22 gene family of solute carriers function as organic cation transporters (OCTs), cation/zwitterion transporters (OCTNs) and organic anion transporters (OATs). They play important roles in drug absorption and excretion. Substrates include xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous amine compounds (Koepsell & Endou 2004).

The human SLC5A6 encodes the Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter SMVT (Prasad et al. 1999). SMVT co-transports biotin (vitamin B7), D-Pantothoate (vitamin B5) and lipoic acid into cells with Na+ ions electrogenically. Four SLC gene families encode transporters that play key roles in nucleoside and nucleobase uptake for salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis, and in the cellular uptake of nucleoside analogues used in the treatment of cancers and viral diseases (He et al. 2009). The human gene SLC33A1 encodes acetyl-CoA transporter AT1 (Kanamori et al. 1997). Acetyl-CoA is transported to the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it serves as the substrate of acetyltransferases that O-acetylates sialyl residues of gangliosides and glycoproteins. Nucleotide sugars are used as sugar donors by glycosyltransferases to create the sugar chains for glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins, polysaccharides and glycolipids. The human solute carrier family SLC35 encode nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs), localised on Golgi and ER membranes, which can mediate the antiport of nucleotide sugars in exchange for the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates (eg. UMP for UDP-sugars) (Handford et al. 2006). Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can be used for energy sources and steroid hormone synthesis and regulate many cellular processes such as inflammation, blood pressure, the clotting process, blood lipid levels and the immune response. The SLC27A family encode fatty acid transporter proteins (FATPs) (Anderson & Stahl 2013). The SLC gene family members SLCO1 SLCO2 and SLCO3 encode organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). OATPs are membrane transport proteins that mediate the sodium-independent transport of a wide range of amphipathic organic compounds including bile salts, steroid conjugates, thyroid hormones, anionic oligopeptides and numerous drugs (Hagenbuch & Meier 2004).

Literature Reactome attaches

Analysis and update of the human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamilyHum Genomics, 2009, vol. 3, p. 195-206PubMed 19164095
The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroductionPflugers Arch, 2004, vol. 447, p. 465-8PubMed 14624363
Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT): expanded families of sugar transport proteinsBr J Nutr, 2003, vol. 89, p. 3-9PubMed 12568659
Inositol transport proteinsFEBS Lett., 2015, vol. 589, p. 1049-58PubMed 25819438
Overview of the proton-coupled MCT (SLC16A) family of transporters: characterization, function and role in the transport of the drug of abuse gamma-hydroxybutyric acidAAPS J, 2008, vol. 10, p. 311-21PubMed 18523892
Molecular properties of the SLC13 family of dicarboxylate and sulfate transportersPflugers Arch, 2006, vol. 451, p. 597-605PubMed 16211368
Metal transporters in intestine and brain: their involvement in metal-associated neurotoxicities

Reactome's record lists 14 orthologous events, R-MMU-425407 (Mus musculus), R-RNO-425407 (Rattus norvegicus) among the species this site serves, and 12 in species this site opens no page for.

Reactome ContentService, this pathway's record · Reactome v97 · read 2026-10-01 ET · Reactome pathway browser"SLC-mediated transmembrane transport". Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#/R-HSA-425407 with StableID: R-HSA-425407.6 (accessed 2026-10-01 ET). Reactome version 97 (CC0).

Reading this pathway's record from Reactome (the pathway record).Still reading. A first read of a pathway can take a while; this page waits up to 35 seconds for it, and its scripts then bring in the panel, or a line saying what did not arrive.

02The genes

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway

The mapping files place 245 genes in this human pathway; showing 1 to 100, in pages of 100, sorted by symbol for reading. The order carries no ranking.

Genes Reactome places in this human pathway, page 1 of 3
Gene	Authority id	Mapping file id	Evidence codes
GeneAHCYL2	AuthorityHGNC:22204	Mapping file id23382 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneAPOD	AuthorityHGNC:612	Mapping file id347 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneARL2	AuthorityHGNC:693	Mapping file id402 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneARL2BP	AuthorityHGNC:17146	Mapping file id23568 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneAVP	AuthorityHGNC:894	Mapping file id551 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneBSG	AuthorityHGNC:1116	Mapping file id682 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCALM1	AuthorityHGNC:1442	Mapping file id801 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCALM2	AuthorityHGNC:1445	Mapping file id805 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCALM3	AuthorityHGNC:1449	Mapping file id808 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCP	AuthorityHGNC:2295	Mapping file id1356 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneCTNS	AuthorityHGNC:2518	Mapping file id1497 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneEMB	AuthorityHGNC:30465	Mapping file id133418 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneFGF21	AuthorityHGNC:3678	Mapping file id26291 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneHEPH	AuthorityHGNC:4866	Mapping file id9843 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLCN1	AuthorityHGNC:6525	Mapping file id3933 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLCN12	AuthorityHGNC:28733	Mapping file id286256 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLCN15	AuthorityHGNC:33777	Mapping file id389812 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneLCN9	AuthorityHGNC:17442	Mapping file idENSG00000148386 Ensembl file	EvidenceTAS
GenePDZD11	AuthorityHGNC:28034	Mapping file id51248 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneRUNX1	AuthorityHGNC:10471	Mapping file id861 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC10A6	AuthorityHGNC:30603	Mapping file id345274 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC11A1	AuthorityHGNC:10907	Mapping file id6556 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC11A2	AuthorityHGNC:10908	Mapping file id4891 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A1	AuthorityHGNC:10910	Mapping file id6557 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A2	AuthorityHGNC:10911	Mapping file id6558 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A3	AuthorityHGNC:10912	Mapping file id6559 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A4	AuthorityHGNC:10913	Mapping file id6560 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A5	AuthorityHGNC:13818	Mapping file id57468 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A6	AuthorityHGNC:10914	Mapping file id9990 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC12A7	AuthorityHGNC:10915	Mapping file id10723 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC13A1	AuthorityHGNC:10916	Mapping file id6561 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC13A2	AuthorityHGNC:10917	Mapping file id9058 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC13A3	AuthorityHGNC:14430	Mapping file id64849 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC13A4	AuthorityHGNC:15827	Mapping file id26266 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC13A5	AuthorityHGNC:23089	Mapping file id284111 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC14A1	AuthorityHGNC:10918	Mapping file id6563 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC14A2	AuthorityHGNC:10919	Mapping file id8170 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC15A1	AuthorityHGNC:10920	Mapping file id6564 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC15A3	AuthorityHGNC:18068	Mapping file id51296 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC15A4	AuthorityHGNC:23090	Mapping file id121260 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A1	AuthorityHGNC:10922	Mapping file id6566 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A10	AuthorityHGNC:17027	Mapping file id117247 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A2	AuthorityHGNC:10923	Mapping file id6567 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A3	AuthorityHGNC:10924	Mapping file id9123 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A7	AuthorityHGNC:10928	Mapping file id9194 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC16A8	AuthorityHGNC:16270	Mapping file id23539 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC17A1	AuthorityHGNC:10929	Mapping file id6568 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC17A5	AuthorityHGNC:10933	Mapping file id26503 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC17A6	AuthorityHGNC:16703	Mapping file id57084 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC17A7	AuthorityHGNC:16704	Mapping file id57030 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC17A8	AuthorityHGNC:20151	Mapping file id246213 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A1	AuthorityHGNC:10939	Mapping file id6505 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A2	AuthorityHGNC:10940	Mapping file id6506 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A3	AuthorityHGNC:10941	Mapping file id6507 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A4	AuthorityHGNC:10942	Mapping file id6509 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A5	AuthorityHGNC:10943	Mapping file id6510 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A6	AuthorityHGNC:10944	Mapping file id6511 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC1A7	AuthorityHGNC:10945	Mapping file id6512 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC20A1	AuthorityHGNC:10946	Mapping file id6574 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC20A2	AuthorityHGNC:10947	Mapping file id6575 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A1	AuthorityHGNC:10963	Mapping file id6580 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A11	AuthorityHGNC:18120	Mapping file id55867 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A12	AuthorityHGNC:17989	Mapping file id116085 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A15	AuthorityHGNC:20301	Mapping file id55356 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A16	AuthorityHGNC:20302	Mapping file id85413 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A2	AuthorityHGNC:10966	Mapping file id6582 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A3	AuthorityHGNC:10967	Mapping file id6581 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A4	AuthorityHGNC:10968	Mapping file id6583 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A5	AuthorityHGNC:10969	Mapping file id6584 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A6	AuthorityHGNC:10970	Mapping file id9356 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A7	AuthorityHGNC:10971	Mapping file id10864 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC22A8	AuthorityHGNC:10972	Mapping file id9376 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC24A1	AuthorityHGNC:10975	Mapping file id9187 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC24A2	AuthorityHGNC:10976	Mapping file id25769 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC24A3	AuthorityHGNC:10977	Mapping file id57419 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC24A4	AuthorityHGNC:10978	Mapping file id123041 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC24A5	AuthorityHGNC:20611	Mapping file id283652 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A1	AuthorityHGNC:10979	Mapping file id6576 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A10	AuthorityHGNC:10980	Mapping file id1468 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A11	AuthorityHGNC:10981	Mapping file id8402 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A18	AuthorityHGNC:10988	Mapping file id83733 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A22	AuthorityHGNC:19954	Mapping file id79751 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A26	AuthorityHGNC:20661	Mapping file id115286 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A29	AuthorityHGNC:20116	Mapping file id123096 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A4	AuthorityHGNC:10990	Mapping file id291 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A5	AuthorityHGNC:10991	Mapping file id292 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC25A6	AuthorityHGNC:10992	Mapping file id293 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A1	AuthorityHGNC:10993	Mapping file id10861 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A11	AuthorityHGNC:14471	Mapping file id284129 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A2	AuthorityHGNC:10994	Mapping file id1836 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A3	AuthorityHGNC:3018	Mapping file id1811 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A4	AuthorityHGNC:8818	Mapping file id5172 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A6	AuthorityHGNC:14472	Mapping file id65010 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A7	AuthorityHGNC:14467	Mapping file id115111 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC26A9	AuthorityHGNC:14469	Mapping file id115019 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC27A1	AuthorityHGNC:10995	Mapping file id376497 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC27A4	AuthorityHGNC:10998	Mapping file id10999 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC27A6	AuthorityHGNC:11000	Mapping file id28965 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC28A1	AuthorityHGNC:11001	Mapping file id9154 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS
GeneSLC28A2	AuthorityHGNC:11002	Mapping file id9153 NCBI file	EvidenceTAS

Evidence codes on this page: TAS, as the mapping file writes them; a row carrying two was written twice by the file, once under each. The mapping file id says which file placed the gene: an NCBI Gene id from NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt, an Ensembl gene id from Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt. The two files can disagree about a code, so a row's codes are the one file's view. Measured by this site's build over this release on 2026-09-09: of the 138,908 human pathway-gene pairs both files place, 207 (0.149 per cent, over 47 genes) carry TAS in the Ensembl file where the NCBI rows carry IEA alone.

Reactome mapping files, the human rows for this pathway · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"NCBI2Reactome_All_Levels.txt" and "Ensembl2Reactome_All_Levels.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.

03The hierarchy

Parents and children in this release's hierarchy

Parents

Transport of small moleculesR-HSA-382551722 genes

Children

Reactome's hierarchy is a graph rather than a tree: a pathway can sit under more than one parent, and the gene counts are each pathway's own placements at every level under it, so a parent's count is not the sum of its children's.

Reactome, the human pathway list and hierarchy relationship file · Reactome release 97 · read 2026-09-09 · Reactome downloads"ReactomePathways.txt" and "ReactomePathwaysRelation.txt", Reactome, release 97, https://reactome.org/download-data/ (date of access 2026-09-09). Data CC0; attribution encouraged.